Investigating the Immunomodulatory Impact of Fecal Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Their IgA Coating Patterns in Crohn's Disease Patients.

The human intestinal tract contains trillions of bacteria that coexist in a symbiotic relationship with human cells. Imbalances in this interaction can lead to disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD). Bacteria membrane vesicles (MVs), which are released by almost all bacteria, have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in bacteria-host interactions.

Criterion Validity of Screening Tools and Field-Based Tests for Health-Related Physical Fitness in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Monitoring health-related physical fitness (HRPF) may benefit proactive Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) management. However, knowledge regarding HRPF in patients with IBD is limited and gold standard tests are impractical for widespread use, necessitating simpler methods.

Aim: This study evaluated the criterion validity of screening tools and field-based tests compared to gold standard tests for HRPF in patients with IBD.

The Association of a Vegan Diet during Pregnancy with Maternal and Child Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

With the increasing prevalence of pregnant women adhering to a vegan diet, gaining insight into their nutritional intake and its association with maternal and fetal outcomes is essential to providing recommendations and developing guidelines for general practice. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of the available scientific literature in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted in January 2024. : The titles and abstracts of 2211 unique articles were screened.

Results From a Psychometric Validation Study: Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Report Higher Symptom Burden Using End-of-Day Vs Real-Time Assessment.

Introduction: Real-time assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using the experience sampling method (ESM) is suggested as a more appropriate approach than currently used end-of-day or end-of-week reports. This psychometric evaluation study assesses the validity and reliability of a previously developed ESM-based patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for real-time GI symptom assessment in IBS.

Methods: This multicenter validation study included 230 Rome IV patients with IBS (80% female; mean age 41.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of the human small intestinal microbiome and its response to a synbiotic.

Although fecal microbiota composition is considered to preserve relevant and representative information for distal colonic content, it is evident that it does not represent microbial communities inhabiting the small intestine. Nevertheless, studies investigating the human small intestinal microbiome and its response to dietary intervention are still scarce. The current study investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of the small intestinal microbiome within a day and over 20 days, as well as its responses to a 14-day synbiotic or placebo control supplementation in 20 healthy subjects.

Review article: A practical approach to persistent gastrointestinal symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease in remission.

Background: Persistent gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), even when endoscopic remission is reached. These symptoms can have profound negative effects on the quality of life of affected patients and can be difficult to treat. They may be caused by IBD-related complications or comorbid disorders, but they can also be explained by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms.

mucin degradation and paracellular permeability by fecal water from Crohn's disease patients.

This study aimed to examine the impact of fecal water (FW) of active and remissive Crohn's disease (CD) patients on mucin degradation and epithelial barrier function. FW and bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) were isolated from fresh fecal samples of six healthy controls (HCs) and 12 CD patients. Bacterial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Two randomized crossover multicenter studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms after bread consumption in individuals with noncoeliac wheat sensitivity: do wheat species and fermentation type matter?

Background: Many individuals reduce their bread intake because they believe wheat causes their gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Different wheat species and processing methods may affect these responses.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of 6 different bread types (prepared from 3 wheat species and 2 fermentation conditions) on GI symptoms in individuals with self-reported noncoeliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS).

Specific gut pathobionts escape antibody coating and are enriched during flares in patients with severe Crohn's disease.

Objective: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) exhibit great heterogeneity in disease presentation and treatment responses, where distinct gut bacteria and immune interactions may play part in the yet unresolved disease aetiology. Given the role of antibodies in the barrier defence against microbes, we hypothesised that gut bacterial antibody-coating patterns may influence underlying disease-mediated processes.

Design: Absolute and relative single and multicoating of gut bacteria with IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in patients with CD and healthy controls were characterised and compared with disease activity.

Heterogeneous associations of gut microbiota with Crohn's disease activity.

The multi-factorial involvement of gut microbiota with Crohn's disease (CD) necessitates robust analysis to uncover possible associations with particular microbes. CD has been linked to specific bacteria, but reported associations vary widely across studies. This inconsistency may result from heterogeneous associations across individual patients, resulting in no apparent or only weak relationships with the means of bacterial abundances.

IgG and IgM cooperate in coating of intestinal bacteria in IgA deficiency.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is acknowledged to play a role in the defence of the mucosal barrier by coating microorganisms. Surprisingly, IgA-deficient humans exhibit few infection-related complications, raising the question if the more specific IgG may help IgM in compensating for the lack of IgA. Here we employ a cohort of IgA-deficient humans, each paired with IgA-sufficient household members, to investigate multi-Ig bacterial coating.

The effect of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international, multicentre study.

Background: Many individuals without coeliac disease or wheat allergy reduce their gluten intake because they believe that gluten causes their gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms could be affected by negative expectancy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on symptoms in people with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).

Scoping review on health-related physical fitness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Assessment, interventions, and future directions.

Background: Reaching the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-II (STRIDE-II) therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires an interdisciplinary approach. Lifestyle interventions focusing on enhancing and preserving health-related physical fitness (HRPF) may aid in improving subjective health, decreasing disability, or even controlling inflammation. However, ambiguity remains about the status and impact of HRPF ( body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility) in IBD patients, hindering the development of physical activity and physical exercise training guidelines.

Satisfaction With Life in IBS Is Associated With Psychological Burden Rather than Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a major impact on emotional, social, and professional life. This study aimed to evaluate general life satisfaction, a subjective measure of well-being, in IBS patients, and to determine which factors are associated with higher life satisfaction.

Methods: IBS patients (n = 195, mean age 51.

Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fecal Microbiota in Individuals with Morbid Obesity.

Background: The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the etiology of obesity. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a frequently performed and effective therapy for morbid obesity.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on the fecal microbiota of individuals with morbid obesity and to examine whether shifts in microbiota composition are associated with markers of inflammation and intestinal barrier function.

Abdominal pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission: A prospective study on contributing factors.

Background: Abdominal pain is highly prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission, but the aetiology is incompletely understood.

Aim: To investigate the association of clinical, lifestyle and psychosocial factors with abdominal pain in patients with IBD in remission.

Methods: We performed a prospective multicentre study enrolling consecutive patients with IBD.

Small intestine vs. colon ecology and physiology: Why it matters in probiotic administration.

Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit.

The Involvement of Intestinal Tryptophan Metabolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Identified by a Meta-Analysis of the Transcriptome and a Systematic Review of the Metabolome.

Evidence is emerging for the role of intestinal tryptophan metabolism in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In order to identify the role of altered intestinal tryptophan metabolism in IBD pathogenesis, a meta-analysis of the transcriptome was performed to identify differentially expressed genes involved in the tryptophan metabolism pathways in intestinal biopsies of IBD as compared to non-IBD controls. Moreover, a systematic review of the metabolome was performed to identify the concurrent changes in tryptophan metabolites.

Comparative compositions of grain of tritordeum, durum wheat and bread wheat grown in multi-environment trials.

Three genotypes each of bread wheat, durum wheat and tritordeum were grown in randomized replicated field trials in Andalusia (Spain) for two years and wholemeal flours analysed for a range of components to identify differences in composition. The contents of all components that were determined varied widely between grain samples of the individual species and in most cases also overlapped between the three species. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences between the compositions of the three species were observed.