Challenging behaviour, the application of restrictive measures and psychotropic drug prescription in people with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Prescribing of psychotropic drugs (PDs) and applying restrictive measures are both frequently used in managing challenging behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities (ID), which is not always according to guidelines or good clinical practice.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the potential triangular relationship between challenging behaviour, the application of restrictive measures and PD prescription.

Methods And Procedures: In this cross-sectional study, data on challenging behaviour, PD prescription and restrictive measures were collected.

Integrative Care for Challenging Behaviors in People with Intellectual Disabilities to Reduce Challenging Behaviors and Inappropriate Psychotropic Drug Prescribing Compared with Care as Usual: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.

People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) often present with challenging behaviors (CBs) mostly due to inappropriate environments and mental and physical disorders. Integrative care is recommended to address CBs. However, in clinical practice, psychotropic drugs are often prescribed off-label for CBs, although the effectiveness is unclear, and side effects frequently occur.

Supplementation of Seaweed Extracts to the Diet Reduces Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in the APPswePS1ΔE9 Mouse Model.

We previously demonstrated that diet supplementation with seaweed () prevented AD-related pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here, we tested a lipid extract of seaweed () and a supercritical fluid (SCF) extract of that is free of excess inorganic arsenic. Diet supplementation with extract prevented cognitive deterioration in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice.

High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Torque Teno Virus in Stable Outpatient Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Torque teno virus (TTV) is emerging as a potential marker for monitoring immune status. In transplant recipients who are immunosuppressed, higher TTV DNA loads are observed than in healthy individuals. TTV load measurement may aid in optimizing immunosuppressive medication dosing in solid organ transplant recipients.

Smoking, Alcohol Intake and Torque Teno Virus in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a non-pathogenic virus that is highly prevalent among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Its circulating load is associated with an immunological status in KTR and is considered a promising tool for guiding immunosuppression. To allow for optimal guidance, it is important to identify other determinants of TTV load.

The Effect of a Temporary Stoma on Long-term Functional Outcomes Following Surgery for Rectal Cancer.

Background: Patients with rectal cancer may undergo surgical resection with or without a temporary stoma.

Objective: This study primarily aimed to compare long-term functional outcomes between patients with and without a temporary stoma after surgery for rectal cancer. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of time to stoma reversal on functional outcomes.

Failure to repair endogenous DNA damage in β-cells causes adult-onset diabetes in mice.

Age is the greatest risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Age-related decline in organ function is attributed to the accumulation of stochastic damage, including damage to the nuclear genome. Islets of T2DM patients display increased levels of DNA damage.

The cantilever contact-point resin bonded bridge; adhesion 2.0.

Aim: When young patients are congenitally missing anterior teeth, different treatment modalities can be used to complement the dental arch. This article proposes a new treatment modality for the replacement of anterior teeth, the cantilever contact-point resin bonded bridge (CCP-RBB).

Materials And Methods: In this proof of principle study, CCP-RBB's delivered by one operator were clinically assessed.

Treatment of intestinal and liver features in cystic fibrosis mice by the osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol.

Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting multiple organs, primarily the lungs and digestive system. Improved pulmonary management significantly improved life expectancy of CF patients. As a result, extrapulmonary manifestations, including gastrointestinal and liver-related symptoms, have become more relevant.

A 32-month evaluation of lithium disilicate cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses to replace a missing maxillary incisor.

Statement Of Problem: The absence of a tooth in the esthetic zone can cause emotional and social distress. The use of minimally invasive and visually pleasing lithium disilicate resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) may be a suitable option for replacing a missing maxillary incisor. However, the available literature on lithium disilicate cantilever RBFDPs is limited.

Activation of Liver X Receptors and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors by Lipid Extracts of Brown Seaweeds: A Potential Application in Alzheimer's Disease?

The nuclear liver X receptors (LXRα/β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα/γ) are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including lipid metabolism and inflammation. The activation of these receptors has been found to have neuroprotective effects, making them interesting therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The Asian brown seaweed contains both LXR-activating (oxy)phytosterols and PPAR-activating fatty acids.

Biological and pharmacological functions of the FGF19- and FGF21-coreceptor beta klotho.

Beta klotho (KLB) is a fundamental component in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling as it serves as an obligatory coreceptor for the endocrine hormones fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Through the development of FGF19- and FGF21 mimetics, KLB has emerged as a promising drug target for treating various metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. While rodent studies have significantly increased our understanding of KLB function, current clinical trials that test the safety and efficacy of KLB-targeting drugs raise many new scientific questions about human KLB biology.

The chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin does not exacerbate p16-positive senescent cell accumulation and cardiometabolic disease development in young adult female LDLR-deficient mice.

Cancer survivors who received chemotherapy, such as the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX), have an increased risk of developing complications later in life, including the development of chronic metabolic diseases. Although the etiology of this increased risk for late metabolic complications in cancer survivors is poorly understood, a causal role of therapy-induced senescent cells has been suggested. To study the role of cellular senescence in chemotherapy-induced metabolic complications, young adult female low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr)-p16-3MR mice, in which p16-positive (p16) senescent cells can be genetically eliminated, were treated with four weekly injections of DOX (2.

Surgical techniques for mesenteric lengthening in ileoanal pouch surgery: a systematic review.

Aim: The key to successful construction of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) following proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis is the ability of the pouch reservoir to reach the anus well vascularized and without tension. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of previously described different surgical lengthening techniques to achieve adequate length for a tension-free IPAA.

Method: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched.

Pharmacological inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling disrupts bile acid metabolism through loss of Shp and enhanced Cyp7a1 expression.

The RAS-MAPK signaling pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in human cancer. Small molecule inhibitors directed against this pathway have clinical activity in patients with various cancer types and can improve patient outcomes. However, the use of these drugs is associated with adverse effects, which can result in dose reduction or treatment interruption.

Identification of Side Chain Oxidized Sterols as Novel Liver X Receptor Agonists with Therapeutic Potential in the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The nuclear receptors-liver X receptors (LXR α and β) are potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases because of their key role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Specific oxy(phyto)sterols differentially modulate the transcriptional activity of LXRs providing opportunities to develop compounds with improved therapeutic characteristics. We isolated oxyphytosterols from and synthesized sidechain oxidized sterol derivatives.

Inhibition of mTOR improves malnutrition induced hepatic metabolic dysfunction.

Severe malnutrition accounts for half-a-million deaths annually in children under the age of five. Despite improved WHO guidelines, inpatient mortality remains high and is associated with metabolic dysfunction. Previous studies suggest a correlation between hepatic metabolic dysfunction and impaired autophagy.

[Guided discontinuation of antidepressants: approach and first results of a Dutch multidisciplinary outpatient clinic].

Background: Discontinuation of antidepressant medication can be difficult due to withdrawal symptoms and relapse risk. Scientific evidence on the questions of who, when, and how to stop antidepressants is limited. In Amsterdam a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic was started to provide advice and guidance.

ExploriNg DUrable Remission with Rituximab in ANCA-associatEd vasculitis (ENDURRANCE trial): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Both rituximab (RTX) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) are effectively used in combination with steroids as remission induction therapy for patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Several studies have shown that the effect on achieving (clinical) remission, frequency and severity of relapses is equivalent for both therapies, but there is accumulating data that the long-term safety profile of RTX might outperform CYC. Combination of RTX with low-dose CYC (LD-CYC) has been investigated in only a few uncontrolled cohort studies, in which clinical remission and a favourable immunological state with low relapse rates was quickly achieved.