Publications by authors named "Jonika Tannous"

Background: Neuroimaging is the gold-standard diagnostic modality for all patients suspected of stroke. However, the unstructured nature of imaging reports remains a major challenge to extracting useful information from electronic health records systems. Despite the increasing adoption of natural language processing (NLP) for radiology reports, information extraction for many stroke imaging features has not been systematically evaluated.

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  • Bayesian analysis of the MISTIE-3 trial, which studied minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis for intracerebral hemorrhage, reveals insights beyond traditional binary outcomes.
  • The study involved 506 adults randomized to either the MISTIE intervention or standard medical care, assessing the intervention's impact on functional and survival outcomes through various prior distributions.
  • Results showed a 70% to 87% probability of MISTIE being beneficial for a good 365-day modified Rankin Scale score, though the likelihood of achieving greater effect sizes was significantly lower.
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  • Limited data exists on the impact of CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) in the U.S., prompting a study on the cerebrovascular disease burden in these patients.
  • A total of 914 CADASIL patients were analyzed, with 65.2% having experienced cerebrovascular events; ischemic strokes were the most common occurrence, and many affected individuals had additional neurological health issues.
  • The study found that males had a higher risk of stroke onset and mortality related to CADASIL, emphasizing the need for early screening and tailored treatment approaches for better management of symptoms and risks.
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Background: Although stroke is well recognized as a critical disease, treatment options are often limited. Inpatient stroke encounters carry critical information regarding the mechanisms of stroke and patient outcomes; however, these data are typically formatted to support administrative functions instead of research. To support improvements in the care of patients with stroke, a substantive research data platform is needed.

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Introduction: Data on nationwide trends and seasonal variations in the incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) in the United States (US) are lacking.

Methods: We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2004-2019) and Census Bureau data to calculate the quarterly (Q1:January-March; Q2:April-June; Q3:July-September; Q4:October-December) incidence rates (IR) of adult (≥18 years) ICH hospitalizations, aggregated across Q1-Q4 and Q2-Q3. We report adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for differences in the quarterly incidence of ICH, as compared to acute ischemic stroke (AIS), between Q1Q4 and Q2Q3 using a multivariable Poisson regression model.

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  • Socioeconomic deprivation negatively impacts functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), with stroke severity and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) both playing significant roles in these outcomes.
  • The study analyzed data from 677 patients, examining the relationships between socioeconomic status, stroke severity, CSVD burden, and functional outcomes at 90 days post-ICH.
  • Findings indicate that high deprivation, severe CSVD, and increasing stroke severity independently correlate with a higher likelihood of severe disability or death, underscoring the importance of these factors in patient outcomes.
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  • This study analyzes trends and disparities in case fatality and discharge outcomes for patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) across the U.S. from 2004 to 2018.
  • The research shows that urban hospitals have a lower ICH case fatality rate (24.9%) compared to rural hospitals (32.5%), and that overall fatality rates are declining more rapidly in urban settings.
  • The findings suggest that enhancing access to specialized neurocritical care resources in rural areas could help bridge the gap in ICH patient outcomes between urban and rural hospitals.
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Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Design And Setting: A retrospective cohort study using a COVID-19 specific, electronic medical record-based surveillance and outcomes registry from an eight-hospital tertiary hospital system in the Houston metropolitan area. Analyses were replicated across a global research network database.

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Purpose Of Review: Recent data identifies increases in young ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. We provide a contemporary overview of current literature on stroke among young patients or premature stroke along with directions for future investigation.

Recent Findings: Strokes in the young are highly heterogenous and often cryptogenic.

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Introduction: We report the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on health-care use disruption among people with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (MCI/ADRD).

Methods: We compared the pandemic-period health-care use between MCI/ADRD and matched non-MCI/ADRD patients. Using 4-year pre-pandemic data, we modeled three health-care use types (inpatient, outpatient, emergency encounters) to predict pandemic-period use, disaggregated for lockdown and post-lockdown periods.

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Background: Sex differences in post-stroke cognitive decline have not been systematically evaluated in a nationally representative cohort. We use a quasi-experimental design to investigate sex differences in rate of post-stroke cognitive decline.

Methods: Utilizing the event study design, we use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data (1996-2016) to evaluate the differences (percentage points [95% Confidence interval]) in the rate of change in cognitive function, measured using the modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) score, before and after incident stroke, and among patients with and without incident stroke.

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Background: We report contemporary trends in nationwide incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) across demographic and regional strata over a 15-year period.

Methods: Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2004-2018) and US Census Bureau data, we calculated ICH incidence rates for age, race/ethnicity, sex, and hospital region sub-cohorts across 5 consecutive 3-year periods (2004-2006 to 2016-2018). We fit Poisson and log binomial regression models to evaluate demographic and regional differences in ICH incidence and trends in prevalence of hypertension and past/current anticoagulant use among hospitalized ICH patients.

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Background: Altered peripheral immune/inflammatory system and brain volumetric changes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to evaluate how peripheral levels of cytokines are related to volumetric brain changes in euthymic patients with BD.

Methods: Euthymic patients with BD (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 22) were enrolled in this exploratory study.

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Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities, some of which have been found in unaffected relatives as well. In this study, we examined the potential role of decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) as a BD endophenotype, in adolescents at high risk for BD.

Methods: We included 15 offspring of patients with BD, 16 pediatric BD patients, and 16 matched controls.

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In proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) studies, aberrant levels of choline-containing compounds that include glycerophosphocholine plus phosphocholine (GPC+PC), can signify alterations in the metabolism of cellular membrane phospholipids (MPLs) from a healthy baseline. In a recent ¹H MRS study, we reported increased GPC+PC in cortical and subcortical areas of adult patients with bipolar disorder I (BP-I). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can worsen the severity of BP-I, but it is unclear whether the effect of a PTSD comorbidity in BP-I is associated with altered MPL metabolism.

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Abnormalities within frontal lobe gray and white matter of bipolar disorder (BD) patients have been consistently reported in adult and pediatric studies, yet little is known about the neurochemistry of the anterior white matter (AWM) in pediatric BD and how medication status may affect it. The present cross-sectional 3T H MRS study is the first to use a multivoxel approach to study the AWM of BD youth. Absolute metabolite levels from four bilateral AWM voxels were collected from 49 subjects between the ages of 8 and 18 (25 healthy controls (HC); 24 BD) and quantified.

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Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders have been linked to immune mechanisms. Altered peripheral levels of eotaxin-1/CCL11; a cytokine implicated in allergic reactions and aging process; have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). Several brain areas, especially the temporal lobe, seem to display volume loss and accelerated aging in BD.

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Experiencing stressful events throughout one's life, particularly childhood trauma, increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Raised levels of cortisol, and markers of inflammation such as Interleukin (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), have been linked to both early life stress and MDD. We aimed to explore the biological stress signatures of early stress and MDD on hippocampal sub regional volumes using 7 Tesla MRI imaging.

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Chronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM), telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained.

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The hippocampus has been implicated in various mood disorders, with global volume deficits consistently found in patient populations. The hippocampus, however, consists of anatomically distinct subfields, and examination of specific subfield differences may elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms behind psychiatric pathologies. Indeed, adult studies have reported smaller hippocampal subfield volumes in regions within the cornu ammonis (CA1 and CA4), dentate gyrus (DG), and hippocampal tails in both patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls.

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