Evaluation of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SM17 in healthy volunteers: results from pre-clinical models and a first-in-human, randomized, double blinded clinical trial.

Background: Alarmins mediate type 2 T helper cell (Th2) inflammation and serve as upstream signaling elements in allergic inflammation and autoimmune responses. The alarmin interleukin (IL)-25 binds to a multi-domain receptor consisting of IL-17RA and IL-17RB subunits, resulting in the release of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 to drive an inflammatory response. Therefore, the blockage of IL-17RB via SM17, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody, offers an attractive therapeutic target for Th2-mediated diseases, such as asthma.

A Machine Learning Prediction Model for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Procedure Duration - An Evaluation of Surgeon, Patient, And Shoulder-Specific Factors.

Background: Operating room (OR) efficiency is of paramount importance for scheduling, cost efficiency and to allow for the high operating volume required to address the growing demand for arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning predictive model for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) procedure duration and to identify factors which are predictive of a prolonged procedure.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all TSA between 2013-2021 in a large academic institution.

Geocultural differences in pre-schooler sleep profiles and family practices: an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries.

Study Objectives: To examine 1) multidimensional sleep profiles in pre-schoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and 2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world).

Methods: Participants were 3507 pre-schoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n=1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured.

Ionization Characteristics of Glycan Homologues in Various Modes of Electrospray.

Fluorescence labeled glycan homologous mixtures were quantified using fluorescence and then used to evaluate ionization performances in electrospray ionization at micro, nano, and femto flow modes. nanoESI produced higher (2+ and 3+) charged ions adducted with sodium and calcium. In comparison, femtoESI was found to favor the generation of [M + H] ions against metal adducts, even with nonvolatile salts up to 1 mM for NaCl and 100 μM for CaCl.

Conceptualising, operationalising and utilising equity, diversity and inclusion in clinical trials: a scoping review.

Introduction: Equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) are social constructs which when used in clinical trials help generate the highest quality evidence for interventions in the populations most likely to benefit. However, the incorporation of these constructs in clinical trials is unclear and inconsistent. This scoping review sought to understand how EDI is applied in clinical trials.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antimalarial activity of MMV533: a phase 1a first-in-human, randomised, ascending dose and food effect study, and a phase 1b Plasmodium falciparum volunteer infection study.

Background: Novel antimalarials are needed to address emerging resistance to artemisinin and partner drugs. We did two trials to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and activity against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum for the drug candidate MMV533.

Methods: A phase 1a first-in-human (FIH) trial was conducted at Nucleus Network (Melbourne, VIC, Australia).

Exploring the gender gap in young adult mental health during COVID-19: Evidence from the UK.

Aims: To explore the prevalence of a mental health gender gap within a young adult sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the impact of loneliness and domestic time use on young people's, and particularly young women's mental health.

Method: Using data from the UK Longitudinal Household Survey (UKHLS), this research examines mental health prior to the pandemic (2019) and during the pandemic (April 2020 until September 2021). A random-effects regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of loneliness, and domestic factors across age and gender to ascertain their contribution to the mental health gender gap in a young adult population.

Population genetics and molecular xenomonitoring of Biomphalaria freshwater snails along the southern shoreline of Lake Malawi, Malawi.

Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis was confirmed endemic in Mangochi District, Malawi, in May of 2018 following an unexpected encounter with discreet populations of Biomphalaria spp. freshwater snails during routine malacological surveillance activities. Since then, only limited malacological surveillance of Biomphalaria has been carried out, and so the distribution of Biomphalaria populations in this area is currently unclear.

Scanxiety and Fear of Recurrence in Young Adult Female Breast and Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: Investigating Shared Mechanisms.

Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) females are vulnerable to psychological sequelae following cancer diagnosis and treatment. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is well-documented in cancer survivors, however AYA survivors of breast and gynaecological cancers are less well-studied. Moreover, little is known about scan-related fears and anxiety ('scanxiety') in survivors of any age group.

Bridging minds and machines: Unmasking the limits in text-based automatic personality recognition for enhanced psychology-AI synergy.

Text-based automatic personality recognition (APR) operates at the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and psychology to determine the personality of an individual from their text sample. This covert form of personality assessment is key for a variety of online applications that contribute to individual convenience and well-being such as that of chatbots and personal assistants. Despite the availability of good quality data utilizing state-of-the-art AI methods, the reported performance of these recognition systems remains below expectations in comparable areas.

Diagnostic work-up of bile duct strictures: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline.

1: ESGE recommends the combination of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-based tissue acquisition as the preferred diagnostic approach for tissue acquisition in patients with jaundice and distal extrahepatic biliary stricture in the absence of a pancreatic mass. 2: ESGE suggests that brushing cytology should be completed along with fluoroscopy-guided biopsies, wherever technically feasible, in patients with perihilar biliary strictures. 3: ESGE suggests EUS-TA for perihilar strictures when ERCP-based modalities yield insufficient results, provided that curative resection is not feasible and/or when cross-sectional imaging has shown accessible extraluminal disease.

Dose-Response Associations Between Diet and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

To provide a systematic and quantitative summary of dietary factors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis included prospective cohort studies from 2000 to 2024 reporting relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RA incidence relating to 32 different dietary exposures. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted.

Changes in food behaviours during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Australia.

Aim: The objective of this study was to explore changes in Australian consumer food behaviours during COVID-19 public health restrictions (lockdown), to provide insights into how this unforeseen crisis event affected dietary behaviour patterns.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2020 with a nationally representative sample of the Australian adult population. Participants were asked to complete questions about (1) meal planning and food purchasing and (2) barriers to cooking, before and during a national-wide COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020.

Light adjustable lens in eyes with a history of radial keratotomy.

Purpose: To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes in eyes with a history of radial keratotomy (RK) implanted with the second-generation light-adjustable lens (LAL).

Setting: Private practice, multiple locations.

Design: Retrospective, consecutive case series.

Genetic Analysis of Flagellar-Mediated Surface Sensing by PA14.

Surface sensing is a key aspect of the early stage of biofilm formation. For , the type IV pili (TFP), the TFP alignment complex and PilY1 were shown to play a key role in c-di-GMP signaling upon surface contact. The role of the flagellar machinery in surface sensing is less well understood in .

"I Been Taking Adderall Mixing it With Lean, Hope I Don't Wake Up Out My Sleep": Harnessing Twitter to Understand Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use among Black Women and Men Subscribers.

Black women and men outpace other races for stimulant-involved overdose mortality despite lower lifetime use. Growth in mortality from prescription stimulant medications is increasing in tandem with prescribing patterns for these medications. We used Twitter to explore nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NMPSU) among Black women and men using emotion and sentiment analysis, and topic modeling.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease adversely impacts school performance in children and young adults.

Background: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) adversely impacts return to work for adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors, but no data exist on children with cGVHD transitioning back to school. We hypothesized that cGVHD adversely impacts broad aspects of school experience of children compared to their allogeneic-HSCT peers without cGVHD.

Methods: We conducted a single center cross-sectional pilot study using a 42-item questionnaire, investigating academic performance and social-emotional aspects of schooling pre-and post-HSCT.

THUMPD3 regulates alternative splicing of ECM transcripts in human lung cancer cells and promotes proliferation and migration.

RNA-modifying enzymes have recently garnered considerable attention due to their relevance in cancer biology, identifying them as potential targets for novel therapeutic intervention. THUMPD3 was recently identified as an RNA methyltransferase catalysing N2-methylguanosine (m2G) within certain tRNAs. In this study, we unveil a novel role for THUMPD3 in lung cancer cells.

Associations of PFAS concentrations during pregnancy and midlife with bone health in midlife: Cross-sectional and prospective findings from Project Viva.

Background: PFAS may impair bone health, but effects of PFAS exposure assessed during pregnancy and the perimenopause-life stages marked by rapidly changing bone metabolism-on later life bone health are unknown.

Methods: We studied 531 women in the Boston-area Project Viva cohort. We used multivariable linear, generalized additive, and mixture models to examine associations of plasma PFAS concentrations during early pregnancy [median (IQR) maternal age 32.

Complete genome sequence of the biopesticidal strain BCC0191.

Here, we report the genome sequence of BCC0191, a biopesticide originally isolated from the barley rhizosphere. The genome was assembled using an Illumina-Nanopore hybrid approach and consisted of 7.62 Mbp distributed across three replicons.

Securing Commercial Nucleic Acid Synthesis.

On-demand gene synthesis is a growing industry that has democratized access to customized synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) products used in biological research. However, the increasing availability and decreasing cost of custom synthetic nucleic acids presents a risk of misuse that could allow nefarious actors to obtain sequences of dangerous organisms or novel-engineered pathogens to construct a biological weapon. Securing nucleic acid synthesis is a policy priority for the U.