Who is in the sample? An analysis of real and surrogate users as participants in user study research in the information technology fields.

Background: Constructing a sample of as participants in user studies is considered by most researchers to be vital for the validity, usefulness, and applicability of research findings. However, how often user studies reported in information technology academic literature sample or is unknown. Therefore, it is uncertain whether or not the use of in place of is a widespread problem within user study practice.

Persona preparedness: a survey instrument for measuring the organizational readiness for deploying personas.

Unlabelled: User-centric design within organizations is crucial for developing information technology that offers optimal usability and user experience. Personas are a central user-centered design technique that puts people before technology and helps decision makers understand the needs and wants of the end-user segments of their products, systems, and services. However, it is not clear how ready organizations are to adopt persona thinking.

Big Data, Small Personas: How Algorithms Shape the Demographic Representation of Data-Driven User Segments.

Derived from the notion of algorithmic bias, it is possible that creating user segments such as personas from data results in over- or under-representing certain segments (FAIRNESS), does not properly represent the diversity of the user populations (DIVERSITY), or produces inconsistent results when hyperparameters are changed (CONSISTENCY). Collecting user data on 363M video views from a global news and media organization, we compare personas created from this data using different algorithms. Results indicate that the algorithms fall into two groups: those that generate personas with and those that generate personas with .

Measuring user interactions with websites: A comparison of two industry standard analytics approaches using data of 86 websites.

This research compares four standard analytics metrics from Google Analytics with SimilarWeb using one year's average monthly data for 86 websites from 26 countries and 19 industry verticals. The results show statistically significant differences between the two services for total visits, unique visitors, bounce rates, and average session duration. Using Google Analytics as the baseline, SimilarWeb average values were 19.

Topic-driven toxicity: Exploring the relationship between online toxicity and news topics.

Hateful commenting, also known as 'toxicity', frequently takes place within news stories in social media. Yet, the relationship between toxicity and news topics is poorly understood. To analyze how news topics relate to the toxicity of user comments, we classify topics of 63,886 online news videos of a large news channel using a neural network and topical tags used by journalists to label content.

Mapping online hate: A scientometric analysis on research trends and hotspots in research on online hate.

Internet and social media participation open doors to a plethora of positive opportunities for the general public. However, in addition to these positive aspects, digital technology also provides an effective medium for spreading hateful content in the form of cyberbullying, bigotry, hateful ideologies, and harassment of individuals and groups. This research aims to investigate the growing body of online hate research (OHR) by mapping general research indices, prevalent themes of research, research hotspots, and influential stakeholders such as organizations and contributing regions.