Neighbourhoods & recovery from psychosis in Trinidad: A qualitative study.

•Various aspects of neighbourhood environments influence recovery from psychosis.•High levels of violence at the neighbourhood level may negatively affect recovery.•Social cohesion may be a protective factor that promotes recovery.

Cannabis use and psychotic disorders in diverse settings in the Global South: findings from INTREPID II.

Background: Cannabis use has been linked to psychotic disorders but this association has been primarily observed in the Global North. This study investigates patterns of cannabis use and associations with psychoses in three Global South (regions within Latin America, Asia, Africa and Oceania) settings.

Methods: Case-control study within the International Programme of Research on Psychotic Disorders (INTREPID) II conducted between May 2018 and September 2020.

Urbanicity and rates of untreated psychotic disorders in three diverse settings in the Global South.

Background: Extensive evidence indicates that rates of psychotic disorder are elevated in more urban compared with less urban areas, but this evidence largely originates from Northern Europe. It is unclear whether the same association holds globally. This study examined the association between urban residence and rates of psychotic disorder in catchment areas in India (Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu), Nigeria (Ibadan, Oyo), and Northern Trinidad.

Epidemiology of Untreated Psychoses in 3 Diverse Settings in the Global South: The International Research Program on Psychotic Disorders in Diverse Settings (INTREPID II).

Importance: Less than 10% of research on psychotic disorders has been conducted in settings in the Global South, which refers broadly to the regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. There is a lack of basic epidemiological data on the distribution of and risks for psychoses that can inform the development of services in many parts of the world.

Objective: To compare demographic and clinical profiles of cohorts of cases and rates of untreated psychoses (proxy for incidence) across and within 3 economically and socially diverse settings in the Global South.

INTREPID II: protocol for a multistudy programme of research on untreated psychosis in India, Nigeria and Trinidad.

Introduction: There are few robust and directly comparable studies of the epidemiology of psychotic disorders in the Global South. INTREPID II is designed to investigate variations in untreated psychotic disorders in the Global South in (1) incidence and presentation (2) 2-year course and outcome, (3) help-seeking and impact, and (4) physical health.

Methods: INTREPID II is a programme of research incorporating incidence, case-control and cohort studies of psychoses in contiguous urban and rural areas in India, Nigeria and Trinidad.

Deinstitutionalization of American public hospitals for the mentally ill before and after the introduction of antipsychotic medications.

Deinstitutionalization following the introduction of antipsychotic medications in 1954 has received much attention as a major narrative in psychiatry. Little attention has been given, however, to deinstitutionalization before 1954. Using United States census data on discharge and readmission rates of US mental hospitals from 1935 to 1964, this article analyzes deinstitutionalization using an interrupted time-series model, with particular attention to the statistical significance of trends before and after the advent of antipsychotics.

Prevalence and incidence of severe mental illness in the United States: an historical overview.

The nineteenth century witnessed growing alarm among professionals and the public in the United States and Europe that the number of people in mental hospitals was rapidly rising. Whether this growth was caused by an increase in the incidence or prevalence of mental illness or by other factors has been debated for over 150 years. Those who believe that mental illness did increase attribute the change mainly to a rise in alcoholism, functional psychoses, syphilis, and disorders related to senescence.

The early history of the neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Research on the neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has grown exponentially since 1980. A reasonable question is whether this research has improved our understanding and treatment of ADHD. This article describes relevant developments that took place roughly between 1900 and 1970.