Ferrous iron uptake via IRT1/ZIP evolved at least twice in green plants.

Iron (Fe) is essential for virtually all organisms, being irreplaceable because of its electrochemical properties that enable many biochemical processes, including photosynthesis. Besides its abundance, Fe is generally found in the poorly soluble form of ferric iron (Fe ), while most plants uptake the soluble form Fe . The model angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana, for example, captures Fe through a mechanism that lowers rhizosphere pH through proton pumping that increases Fe solubility, which is then reduced by a membrane-bound reductase and transported into the cell by the zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP) family protein AtIRT1.

Advances towards understanding the responses of root cells to acidic stress.

"Acid soil syndrome" is a worldwide phenomenon characterized by low pH (pH < 5.5), scarce nutrient availability (K, Ca, Mg, P), and mineral toxicity such as those caused by soluble aluminium (Al) forms. Regardless of the mineral toxicity, the low pH by itself is detrimental to crop development causing striking sensitivity responses such as root growth arrest.

Heterocyte production, gene expression, and phylogeography in Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii.

Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii was described as a subtropical-tropical cyanobacterium, later reported expanding into temperate regions. Heterocyte presence used to distinguish Cylindrospermopsis from the very similar Raphidiopsis, but recently the two genera were recognized as one and unified. This study aimed to investigate how heterocyte production is related to nitrogen (N) limitation in heterocytous and non-heterocytous strains of R.

Constitutive gibberellin response in grafted tomato modulates root-to-shoot signaling under drought stress.

Plants are sessile organisms that must perceive and respond to various environmental constraints throughout their life cycle. Among these constraints, drought stress has become the main limiting factor to crop production around the world. Water deprivation is perceived primarily by the roots, which efficiently signal the shoot to trigger drought responses in order to maximize a plant's ability to survive.

Genome-wide identification, classification and transcriptional analysis of nitrate and ammonium transporters in Coffea.

Nitrogen (N) is quantitatively the main nutrient required by coffee plants, with acquisition mainly by the roots and mostly exported to coffee beans. Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the most important inorganic sources for N uptake. Several N transporters encoded by different gene families mediate the uptake of these compounds.

Callus, shoot and hairy root formation in vitro as affected by the sensitivity to auxin and ethylene in tomato mutants.

We analyzed the impact of ethylene and auxin disturbances on callus, shoots and Agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced hairy root formation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The auxin low-sensitivity dgt mutation showed little hairy root initiation, whereas the ethylene low-sensitivity Nr mutation did not differ from the control Micro-Tom cultivar.