GDNF family receptor alpha-like antagonist antibody alleviates chemotherapy-induced cachexia in melanoma-bearing mice.

Background: Patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy experience cachexia with anorexia, body weight loss, and the depletion of skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. Effective treatment strategies for chemotherapy-induced cachexia are scarce. The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)/GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL)/rearranged during transfection (RET) axis is a critical signalling pathway in chemotherapy-induced cachexia.

Reprogramming of T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles using IL2 surface engineering induces potent anti-cancer effects through miRNA delivery.

T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit anti-cancer effects. However, their anti-cancer potential should be reinforced to enhance clinical applicability. Herein, we generated interleukin-2-tethered sEVs (IL2-sEVs) from engineered Jurkat T cells expressing IL2 at the plasma membrane via a flexible linker to induce an autocrine effect.

Novel antitumor therapeutic strategy using CD4 T cell-derived extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-cell crosstalk by carrying bioactive molecules derived from cells. Recently, immune cell-derived EVs have been reported to regulate key biological functions such as tumor progression. CD4 T cells orchestrate overall immunity; however, the biological role of their EVs is unclear.

Interferon-γ inhibits retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy.

Interferon-γ (IFNG) is one of the key cytokines that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses in the body. However, the role of IFNG in the regulation of vascularization, especially in the context of Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa)-induced angiogenesis is not clarified. Here, we report that IFNG shows potent anti-angiogenic potential against VEGFa-induced angiogenesis.

An adiponectin receptor agonist antibody stimulates glucose uptake and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase.

Adiponectin (Ad) is a representative adipocytokine that regulates energy homeostasis including glucose transport and lipid oxidation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Plasma levels of Ad are reduced in obesity, which contributes to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, agents that activate the Ad signaling pathway could ameliorate metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.