A lesser known but emerging issue, recreational fishing debris and the anglers' opinions in South Korea.

The abundance and characteristics of marine debris originating from recreational fishing were examined across 55 sites in four different regions in Korea. The result shows that the average abundance of debris was 4.3 ± 4.

The role of vessel wall imaging in determining the best treatment approach for coexisting aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilization of gadolinium enhancement on vessel wall imaging (VWI) in treatment decision-making for patients with two intracranial aneurysms presenting as a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Materials And Methods: We prospectively performed VWI using 3.0-Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before treatment with endovascular coiling or surgical clipping in patients with one or two intracranial aneurysms.

Rapid assessment of marine debris in coastal areas using a visual scoring indicator.

Information regarding the spatial distribution and standing stock of marine debris in coastal areas is a prerequisite for efficient cleanup and management. We conducted a rapid assessment of marine debris on the coasts of South Korea using a visual scoring indicator. The indicator consisted of a table and photographs representing nine pollution levels that were quantitatively tested.

Abundance, composition, and distribution of microplastics larger than 20 μm in sand beaches of South Korea.

To support microplastic management, the abundance, composition, and spatial distribution of microplastics on a national scale must be known. Hence, we studied the baseline level of microplastic pollution at 20 sandy beaches along the South Korean coast. All microplastic particles extracted from the sand samples were identified down to 20 μm in size using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Characteristics of meso-sized plastic marine debris on 20 beaches in Korea.

We surveyed the abundance and accumulation patterns of mesoplastic marine debris (5-25mm) on 20 beaches in Korea. The mean abundance of it was 13.2items/m, and the mean weight was 1.

Navigational threats by derelict fishing gear to navy ships in the Korean seas.

This study assessed the impact of derelict fishing gear (DFG) on navigation. The Republic of Korea's navy (ROKN) recorded every case of approximately 170 naval ships associated with propeller entanglement by DFG from January 2010 to December 2015. The frequency of cases was 2.

Distribution and Size Relationships of Plastic Marine Debris on Beaches in South Korea.

The characteristics of the distribution of plastic marine debris were determined on 12 beaches in South Korea in 2013 and 2014. The abundances of large micro- (1-5 mm), meso- (5-25 mm), and macroplastics (>25 mm) were 880.4, 37.

Arthroscopic proximal versus open subpectoral biceps tenodesis with arthroscopic repair of small- or medium-sized rotator cuff tears.

Purpose: The study was aimed to compare arthroscopic proximal biceps tenodesis and open subpectoral biceps tenodesis in repair of small or medium rotator cuff tears.

Methods: Eighty-five patients underwent biceps tenodesis with arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear, and 66 patients were followed for median of 26.8 (18-42) months with ultrasonography were reviewed.

A comparison of microscopic and spectroscopic identification methods for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples.

The analysis of microplastics in various environmental samples requires the identification of microplastics from natural materials. The identification technique lacks a standardized protocol. Herein, stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) identification methods for microplastics (<1mm) were compared using the same samples from the sea surface microlayer (SML) and beach sand.

Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes.

The annual flow and stock of marine debris in the Sea of Korea was estimated by summarizing previous survey results and integrating them with other relevant information to underpin the national marine debris management plan. The annual inflow of marine debris was estimated to be 91,195 tons [32,825 tons (36% of the total) from sources on land and 58,370 tons (64%) from ocean sources]. As of the end of 2012, the total stock of marine debris on all South Korean coasts (12,029 tons), the seabed (137,761 tons), and in the water column (2451 tons) was estimated to be 152,241 tons.

Quantities, composition, and sources of beach debris in Korea from the results of nationwide monitoring.

This study assessed the levels of marine debris pollution and identified its main sources in Korea. The surveys were bimonthly conducted by NGO leaders and volunteers on 20 beaches from March 2008 to November 2009. The quantities of marine debris were estimated at 480.

Estimation of lost tourism revenue in Geoje Island from the 2011 marine debris pollution event in South Korea.

Following a period of heavy rainfall in July 2011, a large amount of marine debris was washed up on the beaches of Geoje Island, South Korea, affecting the island's tourism industry. The tourism revenue decreased due to this pollution event and was estimated by multiplying the decreased number of visitors by the average expenditure of visitors to the beaches. Due to the fact that the visitor count at the Island's beaches decreased from 890,435 in 2010 to 330,207 in 2011 (i.

Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea.

Plastic debris on six beaches near the Nakdong River Estuary, South Korea, was sampled in May and September 2012 and classified into three size classes, large microplastics (1-5 mm), mesoplastics (5-25 mm), and macroplastics (>25 mm). The relationships among the abundances of the size classes were then examined. The abundances of each size category in May (before rainy season) and in September (after rainy season) were 8205 and 27,606 particles/m(2) for large microplastics, 238 and 237 particles/m(2) for mesoplastics, and 0.

Impacts of marine debris on wild animals in the coastal area of Korea.

Over the last decade, marine debris has become a major factor affecting the coastal ecosystem of Korea. This study compiled information regarding how marine debris impacts wildlife in Korea. Cases of marine debris impacting wildlife were collected from experts of various fields and from local participants through an open access website from February 2010 to March 2012.