Rapid Suppression of Quantum Many-Body Magnetic Exciton in Doped van der Waals Antiferromagnet (Ni,Cd)PS.

The unique discovery of the magnetic exciton in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS arises between two quantum many-body states of a Zhang-Rice singlet excited state and a Zhang-Rice triplet ground state. Simultaneously, the spectral width of photoluminescence originating from this exciton is exceedingly narrow as 0.4 meV.

Does Cognitive-Physical Dual-Task Training Have Better Clinical Outcomes than Cognitive Single-Task Training Does? A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: At present, there is a controversy regarding the effect of dual-task training on improving the cognitive function of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study was to develop and verify the effects of the cognitive-physical dual-task training program on the executive function of older adults with MCI.

Method: Participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EG) receiving cognitive-physical dual-task training (n = 21) or the control group (CG) receiving cognitive single-task training (n = 21).

Terahertz Spectroscopy and DFT Analysis of Phonon Dynamics of the Layered Van der Waals Semiconductor Nb ( = Cl, I).

We have conducted a terahertz spectroscopic study and a density functional theory analysis of the phonon dynamics of the layered van der Waals semiconductors NbCl and NbI. Several infrared-active phonon modes were observed in the terahertz region, and their frequencies were found to be in excellent agreement with our first-principles lattice dynamics calculations. For NbCl, the observed phonon spectra are consistent with a structural transition at 90 K from the high-temperature 3̅1 phase to the low-temperature 3̅ phase.

Efficacy and safety of selective TYK2 inhibitor, deucravacitinib, in a phase II trial in psoriatic arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oral selective tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor, deucravacitinib, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods: In this double-blind, phase II trial, 203 patients with PsA were randomised 1:1:1 to placebo, deucravacitinib 6 mg once a day or 12 mg once a day. The primary endpoint was American College of Rheumatology-20 (ACR-20) response at week 16.

Exciton-driven antiferromagnetic metal in a correlated van der Waals insulator.

Collective excitations of bound electron-hole pairs-known as excitons-are ubiquitous in condensed matter, emerging in systems as diverse as band semiconductors, molecular crystals, and proteins. Recently, their existence in strongly correlated electron materials has attracted increasing interest due to the excitons' unique coupling to spin and orbital degrees of freedom. The non-equilibrium driving of such dressed quasiparticles offers a promising platform for realizing unconventional many-body phenomena and phases beyond thermodynamic equilibrium.

Terahertz Spectroscopic Analysis of the Vermilion Pigment in Free-Standing and Polyethylene-Mixed Forms.

Terahertz spectroscopy can be utilized as an effective nondestructive identification tool for the study of artist's pigments. Consequently, extensive measurements have been conducted on representative pigment species, and a few terahertz spectral databases have been constructed. However, the reported spectra were often acquired from pigment samples mixed with polyethylene at room temperature with low resolution, which often led to low-quality spectra with unresolved overlapping lines further broadened due to thermal effects.

Kagome van-der-Waals PdPS with flat band.

With the advanced investigations into low-dimensional systems, it has become essential to find materials having interesting lattices that can be exfoliated down to monolayer. One particular important structure is a kagome lattice with its potentially diverse and vibrant physics. We report a van-der-Waals kagome lattice material, PdPS with several unique properties such as an intriguing flat band.

Quantitative CT and pulmonary function in children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of CT-based quantitative airway and air-trapping measurements and to assess their correlation with pulmonary function in children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study approved by the institutional review board included chest CT scans and pulmonary function tests (PFT) completed between January 2005 and December 2016 in children diagnosed with PIBO. The quantitative analysis of segmental and subsegmental bronchi was performed on each chest CT scan, measuring the areas or diameters of lumens, walls, or the entire airway.

3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, a Citrus Flavonoid, Inhibits Collagenase Activity and Induces Type I Procollagen Synthesis in HDFn Cells.

fruits contain various types of flavonoids with powerful anti-aging and photoprotective effects on the skin, and have thus been attracting attention as potential, efficacious skincare agents. Here, we aimed to investigate the chemical composition of and its protective effects on photoaging. We isolated and identified a bioactive compound, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), from peels using ethanol extraction and hexane fractionation.

Effects of Ganodermanondiol, a New Melanogenesis Inhibitor from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum.

, a species of the Basidiomycetes class, has been attracting international attention owing to its wide variety of biological activities and great potential as an ingredient in skin care cosmetics including "skin-whitening" products. However, there is little information available on its inhibitory effect against tyrosinase activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical composition of and its inhibitory effects on melanogenesis.

Metastatic Osteosarcoma to the Breast Presenting as a Densely Calcified Mass on Mammography.

Osteosarcoma most commonly metastasizes to the lung or the skeleton, and metastatic osteosarcoma to the breast is very rare, with only a few cases reported. Due to its rarity, little has been reported about its imaging features. In this report, we represent a 58-year-old woman with metastatic osteosarcoma to the right breast from a tibial osteosarcoma.

Transcriptome and Gene Ontology (GO) Enrichment Analysis Reveals Genes Involved in Biotin Metabolism That Affect L-Lysine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used for amino acid production. In the present study, 543 genes showed a significant change in their mRNA expression levels in L-lysine-producing C. glutamicum ATCC21300 than that in the wild-type C.

Diabetic mastopathy: imaging features and the role of image-guided biopsy in its diagnosis.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of diabetic mastopathy (DMP) and the role of image-guided biopsy in its diagnosis.

Methods: Two experienced radiologists retrospectively reviewed the mammographic and sonographic images of 19 pathologically confirmed DMP patients. The techniques and results of the biopsies performed in each patient were also reviewed.

LRRK2 G2019S mutation attenuates microglial motility by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase.

In response to brain injury, microglia rapidly extend processes that isolate lesion sites and protect the brain from further injury. Here we report that microglia carrying a pathogenic mutation in the Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated gene, G2019S-LRRK2 (GS-Tg microglia), show retarded ADP-induced motility and delayed isolation of injury, compared with non-Tg microglia. Conversely, LRRK2 knockdown microglia are highly motile compared with control cells.

Suppression of miR-155 Expression in IFN-γ-Treated Astrocytes and Microglia by DJ-1: A Possible Mechanism for Maintaining SOCS1 Expression.

Previously, we reported that DJ-1, encoded by a Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated gene, inhibits expression of proinflammatory mediators in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-treated astrocytes and microglia through inhibition of STAT1 activation. Here, using microglia and astrocytes cultured from wild-type (WT) and DJ-1-knockout (KO) mouse brains, we examined how DJ-1 regulates suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a negative feedback regulator of STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) that is also induced by STAT1. We found that IFN-γ significantly increased SOCS1 mRNA expression in WT microglia and astrocytes, but not in KO cells, although STAT1 was highly activated in these latter cells.

DJ-1 facilitates the interaction between STAT1 and its phosphatase, SHP-1, in brain microglia and astrocytes: A novel anti-inflammatory function of DJ-1.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Importantly, altered astrocyte and microglial functions could contribute to neuronal death in PD. In this study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which DJ-1 (PARK7), an early onset autosomal-recessive PD gene, negatively regulates inflammatory responses of astrocytes and microglia by facilitating the interaction between STAT1 and its phosphatase, SHP-1 (Src-homology 2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1).

Web-based versus paper administration of common ophthalmic questionnaires: comparison of subscale scores.

Objective: To compare participants' responses to Web-based and paper-and-pencil versions of an ophthalmic, patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire.

Design: Questionnaire development.

Participants: Matched subjects with ocular surface disease (OSD) (n = 68) and without OSD (controls, n = 50).

Spatial and temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes in contusion-induced spinal cord injury.

Background: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes acute neuronal death followed by delayed secondary neuronal damage. However, little is known about how microenvironment regulating cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and blood inflammatory cells behave in early SCI states and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death.

Methods: We analyzed the behavior of neurons and microenvironment regulating cells using a contusion-induced SCI model, examining early (3-6 h) to late times (14 d) after the injury.

Impaired inflammatory responses in murine Lrrk2-knockdown brain microglia.

LRRK2, a Parkinson's disease associated gene, is highly expressed in microglia in addition to neurons; however, its function in microglia has not been evaluated. Using Lrrk2 knockdown (Lrrk2-KD) murine microglia prepared by lentiviral-mediated transfer of Lrrk2-specific small inhibitory hairpin RNA (shRNA), we found that Lrrk2 deficiency attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA and/or protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and stimulation of NF-κB-responsive luciferase reporter activity was also decreased in Lrrk2-KD cells.

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induces downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HL-60 cells: involvement of HO-1 in HL-60 cell differentiation.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme with broad tissue expression, is wel1-regulated in response to hematopoietic stress and preserves vascular homeostasis. We investigated the involvement of HO-1 in HL-60 cell differentiation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) completely decreased HO-1 expression in a time-dependent manner, but clearly induced HL-60 cell differentiation, as evidenced by a marked increase in CD11b expression.

Adaptive synthesis of distance fields.

We address the computational resource requirements of 3D example-based synthesis with an adaptive synthesis technique that uses a tree-based synthesis map. A signed-distance field (SDF) is determined for the 3D exemplars, and then new models can be synthesized as SDFs by neighborhood matching. Unlike voxel synthesis approach, our input is posed in the real domain to preserve maximum detail.

Uridine 5'-diphosphate induces chemokine expression in microglia and astrocytes through activation of the P2Y6 receptor.

Chemokines play critical roles in inflammation by recruiting inflammatory cells to injury sites. In this study, we found that UDP induced expression of chemokines CCL2 (MCP-1) and CCL3 (MIP-1α) in microglia, astrocytes, and slice cultures by activation of P2Y(6). Interestingly, CCL2 was more highly expressed than CCL3.

Astrocytes in injury states rapidly produce anti-inflammatory factors and attenuate microglial inflammatory responses.

Microglia are known to be a primary inflammatory cell type in the brain. However, microglial inflammatory responses are attenuated in the injured brain compared to those in cultured pure microglia. In the present study, we found that astrocytes challenged by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or H(2) O(2) released soluble factor(s) and attenuated microglial inflammatory responses.