Comprehensive evaluation of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets as a novel solid-state alternative to conventional membrane cleaning agents in gravity-driven filtration systems.

Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) systems are increasingly recognized as sustainable and energy-efficient solutions for decentralized water treatment. However, membrane fouling, particularly by organic matter, remains a significant operational challenge, necessitating regular chemical cleaning to maintain performance. The present study was undertaken to investigate the cleaning efficiency of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets, a novel solid-state alternative to conventional liquid cleaning agents such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), acetic acid, and citric acid.

Sub-Terahertz Imaging-Based Real-Time Non-Destructive Inspection System for Estimating Water Activity and Foreign Matter Depth in Seaweed.

As the importance of hygiene and safety management in food manufacturing has been increasingly emphasized, research on non-destructive and non-contact inspection technologies has become more active. This study proposes a real-time and non-destructive food inspection system with sub-terahertz waves which penetrates non-conducting materials by using a frequency of 0.1 THz.

Plasma neurofilament light levels show elevation two years prior to diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the UK Biobank.

Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease with profound unmet need. In patients carrying genetic mutations, elevations in neurofilament light (NfL) have been shown to precede symptom onset, however, the natural history of NfL in general ALS patients is less characterized.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP), a subset of the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom, to examine plasma NfL levels in 237 participants subsequently diagnosed with ALS.

Kinetics of Shear-Induced Structural Ordering in Dense Colloids.

The macroscopic rheological response of a colloidal solution is highly correlated with the local microscopic structure, as revealed by an Rheo-SAXS experiment with a high temporal resolution. Oscillatory shear can induce a strain-controlled ordering-to-disorder transition, resulting in a shear-thickening process that is different from the normal shear-thickening behavior that is driven by hydrodynamics and particle friction. We reveal that there is a complex time-dependent kinetics toward structural ordering under different applied strains.

Visual assessment and rheological characterization of shape retention of products on a surface.

A device to measure the height loss of a sample extruded from a syringe on a surface is described thus emulating toothpaste extrusion from a tube with the goal to predict shape retention of the extruded ribbon. Correlations with rheological tests are considered with a special focus on experiments more likely to be implementable in an industrial environment. In agreement with previous studies, the instantaneous viscosity maximum measured in a stress ramp test is a good predictor of ribbon height loss.

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of Functioning Assessment Short Test in Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) is a relatively specific test for bipolar disorders designed to assess the main functioning problems experienced by patients. This brief instrument includes 24 items assessing impairment or disability in 6 domains of functioning: autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, financial issues, interpersonal relationships, and leisure time. It has already been translated into standardized versions in several languages.

Characteristics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes in Children Classified Using Quantitative Electroencephalography.

Purpose: This study used quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to investigate the characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes in children.

Patients And Methods: There were 69 subjects (42 with ADHD and 27 neurotypical (NT)) in this study. A semi-structured interview was conducted with each participant for psychiatric diagnostic evaluation.

Genetically-informed prediction of short-term Parkinson's disease progression.

Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments modify disease symptoms but have not been shown to slow progression, characterized by gradual and varied motor and non-motor changes overtime. Variation in PD progression hampers clinical research, resulting in long and expensive clinical trials prone to failure. Development of models for short-term PD progression prediction could be useful for shortening the time required to detect disease-modifying drug effects in clinical studies.

Bioactive Compounds and Quality Evaluation of Red-Pigmented Rice Processed by Germination and Roasting.

Red-pigmented rice was germinated and processed to develop germinated red rice tea, and the changes in physicochemical, bioactive, and microbial properties due to germination and roasting were investigated. The moisture and crude ash contents of red rice decreased after germination and roasting. Crude protein and crude fat contents increased after germination but slightly decreased after roasting.

Status and future trends of hollow fiber biogas separation membrane fabrication and modification techniques.

With the increasing global demand for energy, renewable and sustainable biogas has attracted considerable attention. However, the presence of various gases such as methane, carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide in biogas, and the potential emission of acid gases, which may adversely influence the environment, limits the efficient application of biogas in many fields. Consequently, researchers have focused on the upgrade and purification of biogas to eliminate impurities and obtain high-quality and high-purity biomethane with an increased combustion efficiency.

Application time and persistence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) against neuronal death resulting from transient cerebral ischemia.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied as a tool to stimulate the functional recovery of neurons after stroke. Although this device has recently begun to be utilized for providing neuroprotection in stroke, research on its application conditions is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of various tDCS application conditions on cerebral ischemia.

Effects of COVID-19-related stress and fear on depression in schizophrenia patients and the general population.

This study compared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related stress, fear of infection, loneliness, and depression between patients with schizophrenia and the general population. A face-to-face survey was administered to 1340 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and online survey of the general population (n = 2000) was conducted. The information gathered included the level of COVID-19-related stress, fear of infection, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, and the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale score.

FMCW Radar Estimation Algorithm with High Resolution and Low Complexity Based on Reduced Search Area.

We propose a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar estimation algorithm with high resolution and low complexity. The fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithms and multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithms are used as algorithms for estimating target parameters in the FMCW radar systems. FFT-based and MUSIC algorithms have tradeoff characteristics between resolution performance and complexity.

Reduced TREM2 activation in microglia of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Loss-of-function variants of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism through which TREM2 contributes to the disease (TREM2 activation vs inactivation) is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed changes in a gene set downstream of TREM2 to determine whether TREM2 signaling is modified by AD progression.

Effects of Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone (NHDC) on Oxidative Phosphorylation, Cytokine Production, and Lipid Deposition.

The sweetener neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a precursor for anthocyanins and has been reported to have various bioactivities, including antioxidant and hepatitis inhibitory effects. However, its inflammatory functions and mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In this study, RAW 264.

High-Efficiency Super-Resolution FMCW Radar Algorithm Based on FFT Estimation.

This paper proposes a high-efficiency super-resolution frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar algorithm based on estimation by fast Fourier transform (FFT). In FMCW radar systems, the maximum number of samples is generally determined by the maximum detectable distance. However, targets are often closer than the maximum detectable distance.

Foot Gesture Recognition Using High-Compression Radar Signature Image and Deep Learning.

Recently, Doppler radar-based foot gesture recognition has attracted attention as a hands-free tool. Doppler radar-based recognition for various foot gestures is still very challenging. So far, no studies have yet dealt deeply with recognition of various foot gestures based on Doppler radar and a deep learning model.

Wireless Power Transfer and Telemetry for Implantable Bioelectronics.

Implantable bioelectronic devices are becoming useful and prospective solutions for various diseases owing to their ability to monitor or manipulate body functions. However, conventional implantable devices (e.g.

Tracklet Pair Proposal and Context Reasoning for Video Scene Graph Generation.

Video scene graph generation (ViDSGG), the creation of video scene graphs that helps in deeper and better visual scene understanding, is a challenging task. Segment-based and sliding-window based methods have been proposed to perform this task. However, they all have certain limitations.

Network study of responses to unusualness and psychological stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea.

The dramatic changes in people's daily lives caused by the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have had a huge impact on their emotions and behaviors. This study aimed to examine psychosocial responses to COVID-19 using network analysis. A total of 1,500 urban residents of South Korea, selected from an online public panel, were surveyed using self-rating questionnaires addressing daily life changes, fear of infection, and distress related to COVID-19.

Comparison of Psychosocial Distress in Areas With Different COVID-19 Prevalence in Korea.

This study aimed to compare psychosocial distress in areas in Korea with different prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after validating a questionnaire on psychological experiences and stress associated with the disease outbreak. Using an online-based survey, psychosocial distress associated with COVID-19 was investigated in three regions, which were selected according to their prevalence of COVID-19. A total of 1,500 people from an online public panel in the three regions participated in the study.