Nasal oxytocin administration does not influence eye gaze or perceived relationship of male volunteers with physicians in a simulated online consultation: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

The patient-physician relationship is a critical determinant of patient health outcomes. Verbal and non-verbal communication, such as eye gaze, are vital aspects of this bond. Neurobiological studies indicate that oxytocin may serve as a link between increased eye gaze and social bonding.

Behavioral factors to modulate immunotherapy efficacy in cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies, are used to (re)activate the immune system to treat cancer. Despite promising results, a large group of patients does not respond to checkpoint inhibition. In the vulnerability-stress model of behavioral medicine, behavioral factors, such as stress, exercise and classical pharmacological conditioning, predict cancer incidence, recurrence and the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments.

Physician gaze shifts in patient-physician interactions: functions, accounts and responses.

Objectives: Physician gaze towards patients is fundamental for medical consultations. Physicians' use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) affects their gaze towards patients, and may negatively influence this interaction. We aimed to study conversation patterns during gaze shifts of physicians from the patient towards the EHR.

Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations.

Face gaze is a fundamental non-verbal behaviour and can be assessed using eye-tracking glasses. Methodological guidelines are lacking on which measure to use to determine face gaze. To evaluate face gaze patterns we compared three measures: duration, frequency and dwell time.

The Influence of Face Gaze by Physicians on Patient Trust: an Observational Study.

Background: Physicians' gaze towards their patients may affect patients' trust in them. This is especially relevant considering recent developments, including the increasing use of Electronic Health Records, which affect physicians' gaze behavior. Moreover, socially anxious patients' trust in particular may be affected by the gaze of the physician.

Eye-tracking glasses in face-to-face interactions: Manual versus automated assessment of areas-of-interest.

The assessment of gaze behaviour is essential for understanding the psychology of communication. Mobile eye-tracking glasses are useful to measure gaze behaviour during dynamic interactions. Eye-tracking data can be analysed by using manually annotated areas-of-interest.

Understanding Patients' Preferences: A Systematic Review of Psychological Instruments Used in Patients' Preference and Decision Studies.

Background: Research has been mainly focused on how to elicit patient preferences, with less attention on why patients form certain preferences.

Objectives: To assess which psychological instruments are currently used and which psychological constructs are known to have an impact on patients' preferences and health-related decisions including the formation of preferences and preference heterogeneity.

Methods: A systematic database search was undertaken to identify relevant studies.

Research-Tested Mobile Apps for Breast Cancer Care: Systematic Review.

Background: The use of mobile health (mHealth) apps in clinical settings is increasing widely. mHealth has been used to promote prevention, improve early detection, manage care, and support survivors and chronic patients. However, data on the efficacy and utility of mHealth apps are limited.

Identification of Socio-demographic and Psychological Factors Affecting Women's Propensity to Breastfeed: An Italian Cohort.

Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months postpartum is a World Health Organization objective and benefits have been demonstrated for both mother and infant. It is important to clarify which factors influence breastfeeding intentions. Our objective was to assess and identify socio-demographic and psychological factors associated with breastfeeding intention in a sample of pregnant Italian women.

Evaluation of tests of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in older patients with cystic fibrosis.

In order to determine the value of noninvasive tests in the analysis of pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis, 14 older cystic fibrosis patients were studied by a set of noninvasive tests of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. The tests, comprising trypsin, total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucose and insulin in fasting serum, PP, glucose and insulin in postprandial serum, and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) excretion in urine, were compared to fecal fat excretion after discontinuation of pancreatic enzyme supplementation. Eleven of the 14 patients were found to have a fecal fat excretion of more than 7 g/day.

Significance of screening in treatment and survival in bronchial carcinoma.

In a retrospective study, the influence of the way bronchial carcinoma was detected was evaluated with respect to the possibility of surgery and to survival rates. From the 324 patients detected through mass screening (category I) 69.8% were suitable for surgery, whereas only 41.

Surgery of pulmonary metastases.

From 1954 to 1985, 150 metastases were removed in 80 patients (55 males, 25 females) with an age range from 8 to 82 years. The role of pulmonary resection for metastatic lesions of the period 1954 to 1975 (group I) was compared to the period 1976 to 1985 (group II). In group I, 48 metastases were resected in 35 patients and in group II, 102 metastases in 45 patients.

En bloc resection for bronchogenic carcinoma with chest wall invasion.

The incidence rate of chest wall invasion in operated bronchogenic carcinoma is about 3%. From 1973 to 1984, 12 patients in our hospital underwent en bloc lung and partial chest wall resection for bronchogenic carcinoma with local invasion of the thoracic wall. All were male, between 49 and 74 years of age.

The therapeutic approach to intrathoracic metastases of non-seminomatous testicular tumour.

Before the era of chemotherapy an extensively metastasized non-seminomatous testicular tumour was nearly always fatal. Only 10 cases of spontaneous regression of thoracic metastasis have been reported. With chemotherapy, a much better outlook has been achieved, however, in 10% of the cases, chemotherapy resistant thoracic masses remain after treatment.

Evaluation of short-course preoperative irradiation in the treatment of resectable bronchus carcinoma: long-term analysis of a randomized pilot-study.

A randomized pilot-study on patients with resectable non small-cell lung carcinoma was conducted from December 1971 to May 1976 inclusive. Patients were randomly assigned to receive preoperative irradiation to the mediastinum followed by surgery (RT + S), or to be treated by surgery only (SO). A total of 33 patients clinically staged as T1-2, N0, M0 histologically confirmed bronchus carcinoma were entered onto the study.

Chest wall resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.

The incidence rate of chest wall invasion in bronchogenic carcinoma is difficult to estimate, but is possibly as high as 5%. These cancers can be locally extensive without systemic dissemination. From 1973 to 1982, 9 patients in our hospital underwent en bloc pulmonary and partial chest wall resection for bronchogenic carcinoma with local invasion of the thoracic wall.

[The triad: mediastinal chemodectoma, chondroma of the lung and esophageal leiomyoma].

In 1958 a mediastinal tumor was discovered in an asymptomatic patient. The tumor was resected and diagnosed as a nonchromaffin chemodectoma. Additionally an oesophageal abnormality was discovered but not treated.

Interferons and bronchogenic carcinoma in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.

A squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus developed in a patient during the course of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. This patient had received interferon treatment, which caused regression of the papillomas, but apparently had no influence on the progression of the bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma. This suggests that interferons have an antiviral effect, but not an antitumor effect in the dosage used.

[Carcinoid tumors, adenoid-cystic carcinomas and muco-epidermoid carcinomas of the tracheo-bronchial tree (author's transl)].

A retrospective study of 25 cases with a so-called bronchial adenoma was made. Classification by this old-fashioned nomenclature included 76% carcinoid tumors, 20% adenoid-cystic carcinomas and 4% muco-epidermoid carcinomas of the trachea and bronchial tree. With regard to their malignant potential, the correlation between histological differentiation, invasiveness, metastatic spread and clinical evolution is discussed.