Predicting 30-day mortality in severely injured elderly patients with trauma in Korea using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The number of elderly patients with trauma is increasing; therefore, precise models are necessary to estimate the mortality risk of elderly patients with trauma for informed clinical decision-making. This study aimed to develop machine learning based predictive models that predict 30-day mortality in severely injured elderly patients with trauma and to compare the predictive performance of various machine learning models.

Methods: This study targeted patients aged ≥65 years with an Injury Severity Score of ≥15 who visited the regional trauma center at Chungbuk National University Hospital between 2016 and 2022.

Prediction Model of Delayed Hemothorax in Patients with Traumatic Occult Hemothorax Using a Novel Nomogram.

Background: Delayed hemothorax (dHTX) can occur unexpectedly, even in patients who initially present without signs of hemothorax (HTX), potentially leading to death. We aimed to develop a predictive model for dHTX requiring intervention, specifically targeting those with no or occult HTX.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a level 1 trauma center.

Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score for Predicting Mortality among Older Korean Adults with Trauma: Is It Applicable in All Cases?

Background: This study aimed to validate the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) for predicting mortality associated with trauma in older Korean adults and compare the GTOS with the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS).

Methods: This study included patients aged ≥65 years who visited the Chungbuk National University Hospital Regional Trauma Center between January 2016 and December 2022. We used receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plots to assess the discrimination and calibration of the scoring systems.

Successful endovascular treatment of an obstruction following the surgical repair of a traumatic portal vein injury: a case report.

Traumatic portal vein injury is rare, but the associated mortality rate ranges from 50% to 70%. The management of this injury is difficult and remains controversial. In this case report, we describe the successful endovascular treatment of an obstruction that developed following the surgical repair of a traumatic portal vein injury.

Aberrant role of pyruvate kinase M2 in the regulation of gamma-secretase and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

Toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) species cause synaptic dysfunction and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). As of yet, however, there are no reported regulators for gamma-secretase, which links a risky environment to amyloid accumulation in AD. Here, we report that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a positive regulator of gamma-secretase under hypoxia.

SERP1 is an assembly regulator of γ-secretase in metabolic stress conditions.

The enzyme γ-secretase generates β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides by cleaving amyloid protein precursor (APP); the aggregation of these peptides is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the development of various γ-secretase regulators, their clinical use is limited by coincident disruption of other γ-secretase-regulated substrates, such as Notch. Using a genome-wide functional screen of γ-secretase activity in cells and a complementary DNA expression library, we found that SERP1 is a previously unknown γ-secretase activator that stimulates Aβ generation in cells experiencing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, such as is seen with diabetes.

Essential requirement for nicastrin in marginal zone and B-1 B cell development.

γ-secretase is an intramembrane protease complex that catalyzes the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and Notch. Impaired γ-secretase function is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and familial acne inversa in humans. In a forward genetic screen of mice with -ethyl--nitrosourea-induced mutations for defects in adaptive immunity, we identified animals within a single pedigree exhibiting both hypopigmentation of the fur and diminished T cell-independent (TI) antibody responses.

Deep Multilayer Brain Proteomics Identifies Molecular Networks in Alzheimer's Disease Progression.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) displays a long asymptomatic stage before dementia. We characterize AD stage-associated molecular networks by profiling 14,513 proteins and 34,173 phosphosites in the human brain with mass spectrometry, highlighting 173 protein changes in 17 pathways. The altered proteins are validated in two independent cohorts, showing partial RNA dependency.

Effect of knee positions on cardiac compression variables in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of rescuer; Manikin study.

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of knee positions on cardiac compression variables in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using the manikin. Adult with career of CPR instructor (n=9; mean age, 27.11±6.

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals β2 Integrin-mediated Cytoskeletal Rearrangement in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-induced Retinal Vascular Hyperpermeability.

Retinal vascular hyperpermeability causes macular edema, leading to visual deterioration in retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular occlusion. Dysregulation of junction integrity between endothelial cells by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was shown to cause retinal vascular hyperpermeability. Accordingly, anti-VEGF agents have been used to treat retinal vascular hyperpermeability.

Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) stimulates Aβ42 generation by promoting amyloid precursor protein axonal transport during hypoxia.

Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is generated through the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. Hypoxia is a known risk factor for AD and stimulates Aβ generation by γ-secretase; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) regulates Aβ generation through changes in subcellular localization of the γ-secretase complex and its substrate C99 under hypoxic conditions.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZIF-7 Membranes by In Situ Method.

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have been the focus of interest in adsorption, catalysis, and membrane applications due to their superior thermal and chemical stability, tunable microporous channels, and tailorable physical/chemical properties. In this study, ZIF-7 membranes were successfully prepared on macroporous a-alumina substrate by in situ solvothermal method, without the necessity of seeding or surface modification step. Addition of sodium formate during the reaction facilitates continuous well-intergrown crystalline ZIF-7 layer.

Psychosocial factors for influencing healthy aging in adults in Korea.

Background: Healthy aging includes physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being in later years. The purpose of this study is to identify the psychosocial factors influencing healthy aging and examining their socio-demographic characteristics. Perceived health status, depression, self-esteem, self-achievement, ego-integrity, participation in leisure activities, and loneliness were identified as influential factors in healthy aging.

Effect of gold subsurface layer on the surface activity and segregation in Pt/Au/Pt3M (where M = 3d transition metals) alloy catalyst from first-principles.

The effect of a subsurface hetero layer (thin gold) on the activity and stability of Pt skin surface in Pt3M system (M = 3d transition metals) is investigated using the spin-polarized density functional theory calculation. First, we find that the heterometallic interaction between the Pt skin surface and the gold subsurface in Pt/Au/Pt3M system can significantly modify the electronic structure of the Pt skin surface. In particular, the local density of states projected onto the d states of Pt skin surface near the Fermi level is drastically decreased compared to the Pt/Pt/Pt3M case, leading to the reduction of the oxygen binding strength of the Pt skin surface.

Mechanisms of enhanced sulfur tolerance on samarium (Sm)-doped cerium oxide (CeO2) from first principles.

The role of samarium (Sm) 4f states and Sm-perturbed O 2p states in determining the sulfur tolerance of Sm-doped CeO2 was elucidated by using the density functional theory (DFT) + U calculation. We find that the sulfur tolerance of Sm-doped CeO2 is closely related to the modification of O 2p states by the strong interaction between Sm 4f and O 2p states. In particular, the availability of unoccupied O 2p states near the Fermi level is responsible for enhancing the sulfur tolerance of Sm-doped CeO2 compared to the pure CeO2 by increasing the activity of the surface lattice oxygen toward sulfur adsorption, by weakening the interaction between Sm-O, and by increasing the migration tendency of the subsurface oxygen ion toward the surface.

OCIAD2 activates γ-secretase to enhance amyloid β production by interacting with nicastrin.

The gamma (γ)-secretase holoenzyme is composed of four core proteins and cleaves APP to generate amyloid beta (Aβ), a key molecule that causes major neurotoxicity during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite its important role in Aβ production, little is known about the regulation of γ-secretase. OCIAD2, a novel modulator of γ-secretase that stimulates Aβ production, and which was isolated from a genome-wide functional screen using cell-based assays and a cDNA library comprising 6,178 genes.

BECN1/Beclin 1 is recruited into lipid rafts by prion to activate autophagy in response to amyloid β 42.

Prion protein (PRNP) has been implicated in various types of neurodegenerative diseases. Although much is known about prion diseases, the function of cellular PRNP remains cryptic. Here, we show that PRNP mediates amyloid β1–42 (Aβ42)-induced autophagy activation through its interaction with BECN1.

Role of Small Pd Ensembles in Boosting CO Oxidation in AuPd Alloys.

We present a theoretical explanation on how PdAu alloy catalysts can enhance the oxidation of CO molecules based on density functional theory calculations of CO adsorption and oxidation on AuPd/Pd(111) surfaces. Our study suggests that the enhanced activity is largely attributed to the possible existence of "partially-poisoned" Pd ensembles that accommodate fewer CO molecules than Pd atoms. Whereas the oxidation of preadsorbed CO is likely governed by O2 trapping, our study shows that small Pd ensembles such as dimers and compact trimers tend to provide more active sites than larger ensembles; CO adsorbed on a Pd monomer is found to react hardly with O2 to form CO2.

Adaptive comb filtering for motion artifact reduction from PPG with a structure of adaptive lattice IIR notch filter.

Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal can provide important information about cardiovascular and respiratory conditions of individuals in a hospital or daily life. However, PPG can be distorted by motion artifacts significantly. Therefore, the reduction of the effects of motion artifacts is very important procedure for monitoring cardio-respiratory system by PPG.