Metabolic Engineering of for Xylose Utilization from Cellulosic Biomass.

Cellulosic biomass hydrolysates are rich in glucose and xylose, but most microorganisms, including , are unable to utilize xylose effectively. To address this limitation, we engineered a strain optimized for xylose metabolism through the xylose oxidoreductase pathway and promoter optimization. A promoter library with varying strengths was used to fine-tune the expression levels of the , , and genes, resulting in a strain with a strong promoter for and weaker promoters for and .

Significance of Necroptosis in Cartilage Degeneration.

Cartilage, a critical tissue for joint function, often degenerates due to osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and trauma. Recent research underscores necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis, as a key player in cartilage degradation. Unlike apoptosis, necroptosis triggers robust inflammatory responses, exacerbating tissue damage.

Marsupial immune protection is shaped by enhancer sharing and gene cluster duplication of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides.

Marsupial neonates are born with immature immune systems, making them vulnerable to pathogens. While neonates receive maternal protection, they can also independently combat pathogens, though the mechanisms remain unknown. Using the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) as a model, we investigated immunological defense strategies of marsupial neonates.

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted MRI Diagnosis in Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease: A Systematic Review.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objectives: Lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) poses a significant global health care challenge, with accurate diagnosis being difficult using conventional methods. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning and deep learning, offers promising tools for improving diagnostic accuracy and workflow in lumbar DDD.

Total Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Pareitropone and Analogues.

A concise synthesis of pareitropone by oxidative cyclization of a phenolic nitronate is delineated. The use of TMSOTf as an additive to promote the facile formation of a strained norcaradiene intermediate provides convenient access to highly condensed multicyclic tropones in high yields. This synthesis is modular, efficient, and scalable, highlighting the synthetic utility of radical anion coupling reactions in annulation reactions.

The genomic basis of temporal niche evolution in a diurnal rodent.

Patterns of diel activity-how animals allocate their activity throughout the 24-h daily cycle-play key roles in shaping the internal physiology of an animal and its relationship with the external environment. Although shifts in diel activity patterns have occurred numerous times over the course of vertebrate evolution, the genomic correlates of such transitions remain unknown. Here, we use the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), a species that transitioned from the ancestrally nocturnal diel niche of its close relatives to a diurnal one, to define patterns of naturally occurring molecular variation in diel niche traits.

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Yeast-Fermented Cabbage.

Microbial fermentation is often used to improve the functionality of plant-based food materials. Herein, we investigated changes in the physicochemical and functional properties of cabbage during yeast fermentation to develop new products using fermented cabbage. Among the 8 types of food-grade yeast, both and fermented 10% cabbage powder solution (w/w) the most effectively, leaving no soluble sugars after 12 h of fermentation.

SB2301-mediated perturbation of membrane composition in lipid droplets induces lipophagy and lipid droplets ubiquitination.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in various biological events in cells along with their primary role as a storage center for neutral lipids. Excessive accumulation of LDs is highly correlated with various diseases, including metabolic diseases. Therefore, a basic understanding of the molecular mechanism of LD degradation would be beneficial in both academic and industrial research.

Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Osteobiologics for Lumbar Fusion.

Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is an excellent treatment option for a number of lumbar diseases. LIF can be performed through posterior, transforaminal, anterior, and lateral or oblique approaches. Each technique has its own pearls and pitfalls.

Inhibitory Effect of Insulin Treatment on Apoptosis of Intervertebral Disc Cells in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model.

Study Design: Experimental study using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether insulin treatment could attenuate disc cell apoptosis and matrix degradation in a STZ-induced diabetic rat model.

Overview Of Literature: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for disc degeneration due to excessive apoptosis of disc cells and matrix degradation.

An Overview of Antiviral Peptides and Rational Biodesign Considerations.

Viral diseases have contributed significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality throughout history. Despite the existence of therapeutic treatments for many viral infections, antiviral resistance and the threat posed by novel viruses highlight the need for an increased number of effective therapeutics. In addition to small molecule drugs and biologics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an emerging class of potential antiviral therapeutics.

15-year survivorship analysis of an interspinous device in surgery for single-level lumbar disc herniation.

Background: Interspinous devices have been introduced as alternatives to decompression or fusion in surgery for degenerative lumbar diseases. This study aimed to investigate 15-year survivorship and risk factors for reoperation of a Device for Intervertebral Assisted Motion (DIAM) in surgery for 1-level lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Methods: A total of 94 patients (54 men and 40 women) underwent discectomy and DIAM implantation for 1-level LDH, with a mean follow-up of 12.

Anterior Dens Screw Fixation for Traumatic C1-2 Lateral Subluxation With 3-Part Fractures of the C2 Axis (Dens, Lateral Mass, and Hangman Fractures): A Case Report.

Introduction: To report the first case of traumatic C1-2 lateral subluxation with three-part fractures of the C2 axis (dens, lateral mass, and hangman fractures) that was successfully treated with only anterior dens screw fixation.

Methods: A 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of neck and left arm pains caused by a pedestrian traffic accident. Radiologic examination revealed traumatic C1-2 lateral subluxation, type 3 dens fracture (Anderson and D'Alonzo classification), fracture of both C2 lateral masses, and type 1 hangman fracture (Levine and Edwards classification).

Effects of Taekwondo Training on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on body composition and to evaluate the magnitude of the effect.

Methods: Databases were used to select studies related to the effectiveness of Taekwondo training, and the inclusion criteria were as follows.

Results: Thirty-seven studies were selected.

The Psychosocial Effects of Taekwondo Training: A Meta-Analysis.

Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and international sport, and its psychosocial benefits for its trainees have been studied extensively. This review aims to systematically assess and meta-analyze the effects of Taekwondo training on sociality, character, etiquette, and school life adjustment. We searched the RISS, NDSL, and KISS electronic databases between January 1985 and December 2019.

Cervical Myelopathy Caused by Posttraumatic Osteophytes Resulting From Long-Standing Neglected Posterior Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation More Than 30 years: A Case Report.

Introduction: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is a rare but usually fatal injury. To our knowledge, no study has reported long-standing neglected posterior AOD more than 30 years in a patient who survived and later experienced cervical myelopathy.

Methods: A 75-year-old man presented with symptoms of cervical myelopathy.

Challenges to the orthopedic resident workforce during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from a global cross-sectional survey.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented concerns on the safety, well-being, quality of life(QOL), and training of the orthopedic resident physician workforce worldwide. Although orthopedic residency programs across the globe have attempted to redefine resident roles, educational priorities, and teaching methods, the global orthopedic residents' perspective with regards to their safety, well-being, QOL, and training, taking into account regional variances remains unknown.

Methods: A 56-item-questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic involving 1193 orthopedic residents from 29 countries across six geographical regions to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being, safety, and training of orthopedic residents at a global level, as well as to analyze the challenges confronted by orthopedic residency programs around the world to safeguard and train their resident workforce during this period.

Hyperacute onset of adjacent segment disease with dorsally migrated herniated nucleus pulposus causing cauda equina syndrome: a case report.

Purpose: To report the first case of hyperacute onset of adjacent segmental disease (ASD) with dorsally migrated herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) causing cauda equina syndrome.

Methods: A 55-year-old female complained of lower back pain with radiating pain in both lower extremities that had not responded to conservative treatment over the previous six months. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis at L3-4, L4-5, and a slight bulging disc at L2-3.

AO Spine Adult Spinal Deformity Patient Profile: A Paradigm Shift in Comprehensive Patient Evaluation in Order to Optimize Treatment and Improve Patient Care.

Study Design: Modified Delphi study.

Objective: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is an increasingly recognized condition, comprising a spectrum of pathologies considerably impacting patients' health and functional status. Patients present with a combination of pain, disability, comorbidities and radiological deformity.

Delayed onset postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical surgery with a sequela of tracheal stricture: a case report.

Background: Among the several complications associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), airway compromise is considered one of the serious life-threatening conditions and usually requires emergent treatment, including airway establishment and hematoma evacuation surgery. Postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma commonly occurred during the on immediate phase with airway compromise, but have a rarity on late onset of this complication. Enlightened by this existing fact, we report the first case of delayed onset postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical surgery with a sequela of tracheal stricture.

Traumatic Posterior Atlanto-occipital Dislocation With Three-part Jefferson Fracture and Subaxial Distractive Extension Injury.

No previous reports have described combined upper and lower cervical injuries caused by a contrary injury mechanism. A 44-year-old man was transferred complaining of quadriplegia caused by a rear-end collision car accident. CT and MRI findings revealed posterior atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) with three-part Jefferson fracture and subaxial distractive extension (DE) injury at the C3-4 and C6-7 levels.

Anterior C2-3 fusion surgery alone for highly displaced Hangman's fracture with severe angulation of C2-3 of more than 30°.

Background: Highly displaced Hangman's fracture is a very rare and extremely unstable fracture of the C2 axis. Combined anteroposterior or posterior long-segment fusion surgery is typically performed for the treatment of highly displaced Hangman's fracture. However, these kinds of surgeries increase the risk of complications, loss of motion, and hospital costs.

Proposal of New Radiological Classification and Treatment Strategy for Transverse Fractures of the C2 Axis Body.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of transverse fractures of the C2 axis body diagnosed on sagittal computed tomography (CT) and to propose new classification and appropriate treatment strategies.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed by enrolling 49 patients (26 men and 23 women) with transverse fractures of the C2 axis body who were treated at four national trauma centers of tertiary university hospitals from January 2000 to December 2017. The mean age of the patients was 60.

Characterization of Cold-Tolerant Cheongdo Using Phenotype Microarray.

The cold-tolerant yeast is industrially useful for lager fermentation, high-quality wine, and frozen dough production. Cheongdo is a recent isolate from frozen peach samples which has a good fermentation performance at low temperatures and desirable flavor profiles. Here, phenotype microarray was used to investigate industrial potentials of Cheongdo using 192 carbon sources.