Critical Spontaneous Breaking of U(1) Symmetry at Zero Temperature in One Dimension.

The Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem states that there is no spontaneous breaking of continuous internal symmetries in spatial dimensions d≤2 at finite temperature. At zero temperature, the quantum-to-classical mapping further implies the absence of such symmetry breaking in one dimension, which is also known as Coleman's theorem in the context of relativistic quantum field theories. One route to violate this "folklore" is requiring an order parameter to commute with a Hamiltonian, as in the classic example of the Heisenberg ferromagnet and its variations.

Stable Measurement-Induced Floquet Enriched Topological Order.

The Floquet code utilizes a periodic sequence of two-qubit measurements to realize the topological order. After each measurement round, the instantaneous stabilizer group can be mapped to a honeycomb toric code, explaining the topological feature. The code also possesses a time-crystal order-the e-m transmutation after every cycle, breaking the Floquet symmetry of the measurement schedule.

Unifying Emergent Hydrodynamics and Lindbladian Low-Energy Spectra across Symmetries, Constraints, and Long-Range Interactions.

We identify emergent hydrodynamics governing charge transport in Brownian random time evolution with various symmetries, constraints, and ranges of interactions. This is accomplished via a mapping between the averaged dynamics and the low-energy spectrum of a Lindblad operator, which acts as an effective Hamiltonian in a doubled Hilbert space. By explicitly constructing dispersive excited states of this effective Hamiltonian using a single-mode approximation, we provide a comprehensive understanding of diffusive, subdiffusive, and superdiffusive relaxation in many-body systems with conserved multipole moments and variable interaction ranges.

Landau-Forbidden Quantum Criticality in Rydberg Quantum Simulators.

The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory of phase transitions precludes a continuous transition between two phases that spontaneously break distinct symmetries. However, quantum mechanical effects can intertwine the symmetries, giving rise to an exotic phenomenon called deconfined quantum criticality (DQC). In this Letter, we study the ground state phase diagram of a one-dimensional array of individually trapped neutral atoms interacting strongly via Rydberg states, and demonstrate through extensive numerical simulations that it hosts a variety of symmetry-breaking phases and their transitions including DQC.

Bleb-related Porcine Lymphatic Outflow is Greater from Subconjunctival compared to Subtenon Blebs.

Aim: Understanding the mechanism of fluid outflow by comparing the subconjunctival and subtenon spaces can lead to improved ocular therapeutics. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate subconjunctival vs subtenon lymphatic outflow by creating tracer-filled blebs in each location.

Methods: Porcine ( = 20) eyes received subconjunctival or subtenon injection(s) of fixable and fluorescent dextrans.

Subconjunctival Lymphatics Respond to VEGFC and Anti-Metabolites in Rabbit and Mouse Eyes.

Purpose: To characterize and pharmacologically influence subconjunctival lymphatics in rabbit and mouse eyes.

Methods: Rabbits received subconjunctival injections of trypan blue or fixable fluorescent dextrans. Bleb-related outflow pathways were quantified.

Structural Confirmation of Lymphatic Outflow from Subconjunctival Blebs of Live Human Subjects.

Purpose: To uncover the mechanism of subconjunctival outflow in human patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Subjects/participants And/or Controls: Fifteen subjects receiving subconjunctival anesthesia prior to intravitreal injection for routine clinical care.

Spectroscopy of a tunable moiré system with a correlated and topological flat band.

Moiré superlattices created by the twisted stacking of two-dimensional crystals can host electronic bands with flat energy dispersion in which enhanced interactions promote correlated electron states. The twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG), where two Bernal bilayer graphene are stacked with a twist angle, is such a moiré system with tunable flat bands. Here, we use gate-tuned scanning tunneling spectroscopy to directly demonstrate the tunability of the band structure of TDBG with an electric field and to show spectroscopic signatures of electronic correlations and topology for its flat band.

Assessing accommodative presbyopic biometric changes of the entire anterior segment using single swept-source OCT image acquisitions.

Background/objectives: To evaluate biometric changes throughout the anterior chamber during accommodation and presbyopia using single image acquisition swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Subject/methods: Anterior-segment images were obtained using a new swept-source AS-OCT device (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering) from healthy volunteers (n = 71) across two centers in this prospective observational case series. In one image acquisition, cornea through posterior lens, including the ciliary muscle on both sides of the right eye, was imaged.

Age- and refraction-related changes in anterior segment anatomical structures measured by swept-source anterior segment OCT.

Purpose: To assess the effects of age and refractive status on anterior segment anatomical structures, including the ciliary body, using a new swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 63 healthy volunteers (mean age: 44.2 years).

Aqueous humour outflow imaging: seeing is believing.

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary risk factor for blindness in glaucoma. IOP is determined by many factors including aqueous humour production and aqueous humour outflow (AHO), where AHO disturbance represents the primary cause of increased IOP. With the recent development of new IOP lowering drugs and Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (MIGS), renewed interest has arisen in shedding light on not only how but where AHO is occurring for the trabecular/conventional, uveoscleral/unconventional, and subconjunctival outflow pathways.

Potential Therapeutic Usage of Nanomedicine for Glaucoma Treatment.

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, leading to irreversible blindness. Currently, intraocular pressure reduction is the only established treatment available for glaucoma. With this treatment, the progression of the disease can only be delayed and there is no recovery.

Tunable spin-polarized correlated states in twisted double bilayer graphene.

Reducing the energy bandwidth of electrons in a lattice below the long-range Coulomb interaction energy promotes correlation effects. Moiré superlattices-which are created by stacking van der Waals heterostructures with a controlled twist angle-enable the engineering of electron band structure. Exotic quantum phases can emerge in an engineered moiré flat band.

Topological Correspondence between Hermitian and Non-Hermitian Systems: Anomalous Dynamics.

The hallmark of symmetry-protected topological phases is the existence of anomalous boundary states, which can only be realized with the corresponding bulk system. In this work, we show that for every Hermitian anomalous boundary mode of the ten Altland-Zirnbauer classes, a non-Hermitian counterpart can be constructed, whose long-time dynamics provides a realization of the anomalous boundary state. We prove that the non-Hermitian counterpart is characterized by a point-gap topological invariant, and furthermore, that the invariant exactly matches that of the corresponding Hermitian anomalous boundary mode.

Theory of correlated insulating behaviour and spin-triplet superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene.

Two graphene monolayers twisted by a small magic angle exhibit nearly flat bands, leading to correlated electronic states. Here we study a related but different system with reduced symmetry - twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG), consisting of two Bernal stacked bilayer graphenes, twisted with respect to one another. Unlike the monolayer case, we show that isolated flat bands only appear on application of a vertical displacement field.

Intraoperative Complications of Cataract Surgery Using Intracameral Illumination in the Elderly over 75 Years.

Purpose: To evaluate intraoperative complications and utilization of adjunctive devices between microscope and intracameral illuminations during cataract surgery in the elderly over 75 years.

Design: A retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series Two hundred eighty-six eyes of 184 patients older than 75 years who underwent cataract surgery using microscope and intracameral illuminations.

Methods: A chart review was performed on an advanced cataract surgery group of 141 consecutive cases in which the intracameral illumination was used and on a standard cataract surgery group of 145 consecutive cases in which the intracameral illumination was not used.

Macular photostress and visual experience between microscope and intracameral illumination during cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate macular photostress and visual experience between coaxial microscope illumination versus oblique intracameral illumination during cataract surgery.

Setting: Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.

Design: Prospective case series.

Intracameral air injection during Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in neovascular glaucoma for the prevention of tube obstruction with blood clot: Case Report.

Rationale: Glaucoma drainage implant surgery is a treatment option for the management of neovascular glaucoma. However, tube obstruction by blood clot after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation is an unpredictable clinically challenging situation.

Patient Concerns-diagnoses-interventions: We report 4 cases using intracameral air injection for the prevention of the tube obstruction of AGV by blood clot.

Signal Alteration in the Optic Nerve Head on 3D T2-weighted MRI: a Potential Neuroimaging Sign of Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To investigate whether a signal alteration (SA) in the optic nerve head (ONH) on 3D T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy Materials and Methods: A total of 35 patients with bilateral open-angle glaucoma and 31 age-matched controls underwent 3D high-resolution (0.98 × 0.98 × 1 mm) T2-weighted MRI and detailed ophthalmologic examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

PEGylated anticancer-carbon nanotubes complex targeting mitochondria of lung cancer cells.

Although activating apoptosis in cancer cells by targeting the mitochondria is an effective strategy for cancer therapy, insufficient targeting of the mitochondria in cancer cells restricts the availability in clinical treatment. Here, we report on a polyethylene glycol-coated carbon nanotube (CNT)-ABT737 nanodrug that improves the mitochondrial targeting of lung cancer cells. The polyethylene glycol-coated CNT-ABT737 nanodrug internalized into the early endosomes via macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in advance of early endosomal escape and delivered into the mitochondria.

Phacoemulsification using a chisel-shaped illuminator: enhanced depth trench, one-shot crack, and phaco cut.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of intracameral illuminator-assisted nucleofractis technique in cataract surgery.

Methods: Since June 2012, this novel technique has been performed in all cataract cases by one surgeon (approximately 300 cases of various densities). Trenching continues until the posterior plate white reflex between an endonucleus and an epinucleus is identified (enhanced depth trench).

Combined 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and clear corneal phacoemulsification for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Aim: To assess the outcomes of combined 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and clear corneal phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.

Methods: This was a retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative, interventional case series of 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent combined sutureless vitrectomy and clear corneal cataract surgery for the repair of RRD. The principal outcome measures were primary anatomical success rate, reasons for redetachment, final visual acuity, and surgical complications.

Comparison of the changes in corneal endothelial cells after pars plana and anterior chamber ahmed valve implant.

Purpose. To compare the changes in corneal endothelial cells after pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation with those after the anterior chamber AGV implantation for refractory glaucoma. Methods.