Publications by authors named "Jong-Mu Sun"
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the effectiveness of durvalumab maintenance therapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), comparing those with specific genetic mutations to those without.
- - A total of 339 patients were analyzed, revealing similar progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 21.4 months for wild-type and 21.0 months for mutant groups, while significant differences in PFS were noted based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels.
- - The findings suggest that while genetic mutations did not significantly alter outcomes, PD-L1 expression levels had a notable impact on PFS, highlighting the importance
Article Synopsis
- This study explores the differences in how patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and seeks to identify key biomarkers that predict these responses.
- Researchers analyzed samples from 33 lung cancer biopsies, focusing on 14 taken before ICI treatment, and found that non-responders had more regulatory and memory T cells, while responders displayed diverse activated CD8+ T cells.
- They identified specific tumor cell activity linked to resistance to ICIs, achieving over 95% accuracy in predicting patient responses by combining immune cell profiles with tumor characteristics, highlighting the importance of the tumor-immune environment in NSCLC treatment.
Introduction: Numerous studies have suggested high concordance between tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests but only few of them focused on fusions. In addition, atypical breakpoints occasionally detected from DNA-based fusion detection make interpretation difficult, and their clinical significance remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinical utility of ctDNA CGP for fusion detection.
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- * Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a promising new treatment being tested for these patients, showing good anti-tumor effects and safety.
- * The TROPION-Lung07 study is a Phase III trial evaluating the effectiveness of Dato-DXd combined with pembrolizumab (with or without chemotherapy) compared to the current standard treatment, focusing on progression-free and overall survival rates (NCT05555732).
Randomized Phase II Cancer Clinical Trials to Validate Predictive Biomarkers.
Biomedicines
September 2024
Objectives: The design of cancer clinical trials incorporating biomarkers depends on various factors, including the trial phase, the type of biomarker and whether its role has been validated. This article aims to present a method for designing and analyzing phase II cancer clinical trials that validate predictive biomarkers.
Methods: We propose a randomized trial design where patients are allocated between a targeted therapy and a non-targeted therapy stratified by biomarker status.
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on pairing naporafenib, a pan-RAF inhibitor, with either rineterkib or trametinib to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and certain genetic mutations.
- Conducted on 216 patients, the research aimed to find safe and effective dosage levels, identifying recommended doses while monitoring for side effects and antitumor activity.
- Results showed dose-limiting toxicities in 16% of patients, with some achieving partial responses; the study established specific dosages that were well-tolerated along with noticeable reductions in certain mRNA levels.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the role of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in predicting the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), revealing they are independent of PD-L1 expression.
- - Out of 71 metastatic NSCLC patients analyzed, those with thyroid irAE showed significantly longer progression-free survival compared to those without, indicating that thyroid irAEs can serve as a useful biomarker in treatment outcomes.
- - Alternative staging methods that incorporate thyroid irAEs improved the prognostic accuracy for disease progression compared to standard TNM staging, emphasizing the importance of these irAEs in identifying patients likely to respond well to PD-1 blockade therapies.
Article Synopsis
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) before surgery is the main treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer, with three regimens compared for effectiveness and safety in patients treated between 2016 and 2022.
- Overall survival rates were best with the CROSS regimen, showing 88.1% at one year, while pathologic complete response (pCR) rates were similar across all regimens.
- Grade 3 toxicities varied by regimen, with the CROSS group experiencing the least adverse effects and weight loss, suggesting it may be the preferable option for treatment.
Purpose: There is few evidence regarding the optimal salvage treatment options for loco-reginal recurrence of esophageal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of salvage radiotherapy (RT) in patients with loco-regional recurrence (LRR) after surgery for esophageal cancer.
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 147 esophageal cancer patients who received salvage RT for loco-regional recurrence between 1996 and December 2019.
Article Synopsis
- Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, particularly those who are older or have advanced disease stages.
- The study analyzed 1,127 NSCLC patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 2020 to April 2022, finding that most continued their cancer treatments despite infection.
- Case fatality rates varied significantly based on disease stage, with 0.86% for early-stage, 4.4% for locally advanced, and 9.96% for advanced NSCLC, with factors like age and treatment type influencing these outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- This study looked at patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who couldn't or chose not to have surgery after receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).
- Of the 715 patients analyzed, 105 (14.7%) didn't undergo surgery, with reasons including disease progression, functional decline, or patient refusal.
- Results showed that patients who refused surgery had significantly worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates compared to those who had surgery, especially if they had a partial or stable response to treatment, although overall survival (OS) rates were not significantly different between the two groups.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of an 80 mg daily dose of osimertinib in patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) who have previously been treated with other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
- A total of 73 patients were treated, and findings include a median overall survival of 15.6 months and a 51.6% objective response rate, indicating substantial effectiveness in controlling the disease.
- The results support the use of osimertinib as a promising treatment option for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer who develop LMs, highlighting its significant intracranial activity and manageable safety profile.
Article Synopsis
- The KEYNOTE-590 study found that combining pembrolizumab with chemotherapy significantly improved survival rates and overall health outcomes for patients with advanced esophageal cancer compared to chemotherapy alone.
- A health-related quality of life analysis involving 730 patients showed that those receiving pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy experienced less dysphagia and pain compared to those on placebo plus chemotherapy, although overall quality of life scores were similar.
- The study concluded that pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy not only maintained quality of life after 18 weeks but also demonstrated effectiveness, supporting its use as a first-line treatment for advanced esophageal cancer.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with stage IIIA/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent prior neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and complete surgical resection.
- Findings showed a median disease-free survival (DFS) of 22.4 months and a 5-year DFS rate of 29%, indicating pembrolizumab may help control the disease long-term for some patients.
- Despite some patients experiencing tumor recurrence, no new safety concerns were observed, suggesting that pembrolizumab could be a viable treatment option post-surgery for specific NSCLC patients.
Article Synopsis
- Treatment options for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are improving, with current guidelines advocating for the use of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment.
- Combining antiangiogenic therapies like lenvatinib with immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as pembrolizumab) can enhance immune responses against tumors by shifting the tumor environment to be more immune-supportive.
- The LEAP-014 study is a phase III clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of lenvatinib with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in improving overall and progression-free survival in patients with advanced ESCC.
Background: We aimed to identify the impact of muscle mass on locally advanced oesophageal cancer (LAEC) in elderly patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NACRT).
Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 345 patients diagnosed with LAEC who underwent NACRT and surgery. Physical variables, including height, weight, skeletal muscle mass, and laboratory values, were obtained before and after NACRT.
Article Synopsis
- Scientists studied how to tell if small cell lung cancer might come back using special blood tests that look for tiny pieces of tumor DNA.
- They found that patients who had certain DNA changes or different types of DNA fragments in their blood had a higher chance of their cancer returning sooner.
- This research could help doctors figure out which patients are at a higher risk and make better treatment plans to help them.
Article Synopsis
- - This study focused on advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients without EGFR mutations or ALK fusions, highlighting their poor survival outcomes compared to those who have targeted therapies.
- - Researchers compared clinical outcomes between patients who participated in clinical trials and those who received standard care from 2017 to 2022, using a method called propensity score matching to ensure balanced groups.
- - Results showed that clinical trial participants had significantly better survival rates, with a median overall survival of 27.3 months compared to 17.1 months for those receiving standard care, indicating a 29.6% reduced risk of death for clinical trial participants.
Article Synopsis
- Recent research highlights the importance of novel transcriptional factor-based molecular subtypes in predicting outcomes for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients through in-depth analysis of multi-omics data combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC).
- The study involved a comprehensive examination of data from 427 SCLC patients, focusing on mutation profiles, gene expression, and inflammation signatures, revealing distinct molecular subtypes and their clinical outcomes.
- Findings showed significant differences in survival rates among subtypes, with the ASCL1 subtype exhibiting the most favorable overall survival, and inflamed tumors being more responsive to immunotherapy compared to non-inflamed tumors.
Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a representative oncogenic driver mutation. Only about 12% of EGFR mutation patients have the exon 20 insertion mutation, which is the third most frequent mutation among EGFR mutation NSCLC. Amivantamab, an EGFR and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) bispecific antibody, was approved for NSCLC patients with the EGFR exon 20 insertion (E20I) mutation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes and toxicities of definitive proton beam therapy (PBT) and photon beam therapy in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 262 patients with newly diagnosed LS-SCLC who underwent definitive PBT (n = 20; proton group) or photon beam therapy (n = 242; photon group) with concurrent chemotherapy between January 2016 and February 2021 and compared overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), dose-volume parameters, and toxicities between the groups.
Results: The median follow-up duration was 24.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and occult hepatitis B infection (OBI).
- Out of 1277 NSCLC patients, a very low incidence (0.2%) of HBV reactivation was found, primarily in patients with CHB not receiving antiviral treatment, highlighting the necessity for antiviral prophylaxis in those individuals.
- Overall, the safety and efficacy of ICIs were similar across all groups, suggesting that patients with CHB and OBI can be treated with ICIs without significant additional risks.
Article Synopsis
- A retrospective study analyzed the survival rates of 563 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, focusing on pathologic status.
- The findings revealed that patients who achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) had a significantly better 5-year overall survival (75.1%) compared to those with residual disease, with survival rates dropping as residual lesions or metastatic lymph nodes were present.
- The study also evaluated the efficacy of the AJCC 8th ypStage in predicting survival, finding variability in outcomes among different ypStage classifications, especially between ypT0N0 and ypT1N0 patients.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with actionable genetic alterations (AGAs) to identify which patients might benefit most.
- Researchers analyzed progression-free survival (PFS) of NSCLC patients who received ICI therapy and examined various clinical and molecular biomarkers to find predictors of ICI efficacy.
- Results indicated that certain genetic mutations and positive PD-L1 levels were linked to better outcomes, highlighting that specific AGAs could lead to more favorable responses to ICI treatment.
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluates the efficacy of a combination treatment (ABCP) involving atezolizumab, bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who have progressed after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.
- The results show that the ABCP treatment led to significantly better objective response rates and progression-free survival compared to the traditional treatment (PC), particularly in patients with higher PD-L1 expression.
- Overall survival rates were similar between both treatment groups, and while ABCP had a comparable safety profile, it was associated with higher rates of treatment-related side effects compared to the PC arm.