Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Medical Cost of Dapagliflozin and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.

This study compared dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) with regard to cardiovascular (CV) event incidence and direct medical costs during type 2 diabetes treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using national health insurance claims data from September 1, 2014, to June 30, 2018, of patients in Korea. Patients who were prescribed dapagliflozin and DPP-4i for the first time were included.

Comparison of heart failure risk and medical costs between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Dapagliflozin is one of the novel glucose-lowering agents, which has recently been reported to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (hHF). The present study aimed to compare the differences between the risk of hHF after using dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) as second-line drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using the latest nationwide population data in Korea. Additionally, we aimed to examine the impact of clinical outcomes on direct medical costs in the two groups.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, anti-androgens and the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in prostate cancer patients: an asian population-based observational study.

: To conduct a population-based study to determine whether the use of GnRH agonist and antiandrogens are associated with an increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) in Asian patients with prostate cancer using the National Health Insurance Service-Elderly Cohort Database (NHIS-ECD). : We included a total of 2,413 men aged 60 years or older with prostate cancer between January 2003 and December 2008. Outcomes of interest included the first occurrence of cardiovascular events [acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic heart disease (IHD)] and cerebrovascular events [ischemic stroke (IS), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD)].

Genotype-guided warfarin dosing may benefit patients with mechanical aortic valve replacements: randomized controlled study.

This prospective, single-blind, randomized study was designed to evaluate the effect of genotype-based warfarin dosing compared with standard warfarin dosing in Korean patients with mechanical cardiac valves. Patients were assigned to either the genotype-based dosing group or the standard dosing group using stratified block randomization. The genotype-based dosing equation was adopted from a previous study which included VKORC1 rs9934438, CYP2C9 rs1057910, CYP4F2 rs2108622, and age.

Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel versus prasugrel and ticagrelor for coronary artery disease treatment in patients with CYP2C19 LoF alleles: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and prasugrel with those of clopidogrel in CYP2C19 reduced-metabolizers.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials or cohort studies up to January 2020. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular (CV) death, all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis and stroke.

Comparisons of doxycycline solution with talc slurry for chemical pleurodesis and risk factors for recurrence in South Korean patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Purpose: Talc slurry (TS) has been commonly used with high success rates in managing spontaneous pneumothroax (SP), but there were concerns of post-procedural complications. Alternatively, doxycycline solution (DS) was used successfully. This retrospective study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety between talc and doxycycline as a sclerosing agent and to investigate risk factors for recurrence in patients with SP.

Effects of proton pump inhibitor use on risk of Clostridium difficile infection: a hospital cohort study.

Background: Although there are several studies on the association between use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and increased Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) risk, detailed studies analyzing the effects of PPI use on CDI risk are lacking. The present study investigated the association of the dose, duration, and types of PPIs with CDI risk.

Methods: A single-center, cohort study was conducted on patients admitted to a hospital.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors lower the risk of autoimmune disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Aims: To evaluate the real-world effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) on the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods: We identified new users of DPP4i (n = 497 619) or non-DPP4i (n = 643 165) oral combination therapy between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2015 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Korean national health insurance claims database. Patients were followed from the date of initiation of combination therapy until AD outcome, censoring for treatment discontinuation or switching, death or end of study (31 August 2016).

Smartphone addiction risk and daytime sleepiness in Korean adolescents.

Aim: Smartphone overuse can cause not only mobility problems in the wrists, fingers and neck but also interference with sleep habits. However, research on smartphone addiction and sleep disturbances is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate daytime sleepiness in association with smartphone addiction risk in Korean adolescents.

Outcomes with perioperative fat emulsions containing omega-3 fatty acid: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Results of a meta-analysis of data from clinical studies comparing patient outcomes and hospital length of stay (LOS) in surgical patients receiving fish oil (FO)-containing i.v. fat emulsions (IVFEs) versus non-FO-containing IVFEs are presented.

Risk of hospitalization for hypoglycemia among older Korean people with diabetes mellitus: Interactions between treatment modalities and comorbidities.

The objective of this study was to carry out a large population-based study to understand the factors associated with hypoglycemia-related hospitalizations among older Korean adults with diabetes mellitus.This study analyzed data from a subset of the 2013 Health Insurance and Review and Assessment service-Adult Patient Sample. A total of 307,170 subjects, comprising 41.

INR optimization based on stroke risk factors in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Background: Bleeding complications have been frequently reported in East Asian patients on warfarin with a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0-3.0.

Differential cardiovascular outcomes after dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, and pioglitazone therapy, all in combination with metformin, for type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Background/objectives: Data on the comparative effectiveness of oral antidiabetics on cardiovascular outcomes in a clinical practice setting are limited. This study sought to determine whether a differential risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) exists for the combination of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor plus metformin versus a sulfonylurea derivative plus metformin or pioglitazone plus metformin.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 349,476 patients who received treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, or pioglitazone plus metformin for type 2 diabetes using the Korean national health insurance claims database.

Co-medication of statins with contraindicated drugs.

Background: The concomitant use of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolized statins (simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin) with CYP3A4 inhibitors has been shown to increase the rate of adverse events.

Objective: This study was performed to describe the co-medication prevalence of CYP3A4-metabolized statins with contraindicated drugs.

Methods: The patients aged 40 or older receiving CYP3A4-metabolized statin prescriptions in 2009 were identified using the national patient sample from a Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database.

Risk of ischemic stroke associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study in Korea.

Objective: Strong concerns have been raised about whether the risk of ischemic stroke differs between conventional antipsychotics (CAPs) and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs). This study compared the risk of ischemic stroke in elderly patients taking CAPs and AAPs.

Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 71,584 elderly patients who were newly prescribed the CAPs (haloperidol or chlorpromazine) and those prescribed the AAPs (risperidone, quetiapine, or olanzapine).

Evaluation of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Low-dose aspirin is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the questions with regard to primary prevention have been raised among patients with diabetes. We evaluated low-dose aspirin use for preventing ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes using a national health insurance database.

Drug persistency of cholinesterase inhibitors for patients with dementia of Alzheimer type in Korea.

This study examined 1-year persistency with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) for the treatment of elderly Alzheimer's dementia (AD) patients in Korea. Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database from January 2005 to June 2006 was used. Patients aged 65 or older with AD diagnosis who were first prescribed a ChEI were included.

New initiatives for pharmacovigilance in South Korea: introducing the Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management (KIDS).

Purpose: Pharmacovigilance plays a vital role in ensuring that patients receive appropriate medical products that are safe and effective. This paper aims to describe the history of pharmacovigilance in Korea and introduce the establishment and goal of the KIDS.

Methods: In Korea, the adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting system was launched in 1988 by the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and spontaneous ADR reports have been collected from health care professionals and the general public.

Utilization patterns of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in elderly rheumatoid arthritis patients.

This study was conducted to investigate disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) utilization in Korean elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We used data from January 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006 from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service claims database. The study subjects were defined as patients aged 65 yr or older with at least two claims with a diagnosis of RA.

The epidemiology of reno-ureteral stone disease in Koreans: a nationwide population-based study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the annual incidence of upper tract urolithiasis based on a large population-based study in Korea. This study used a subset of the 2009 Health Insurance and Review and Assessment service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS). The 2009 HIRA-NPS contains data for 1,115,721 patients (711,285 inpatients and 404,436 outpatients) from January 2009 to December 2009.

Comparison of the safety of seven iodinated contrast media.

We aimed to determine the characteristic adverse events (AEs) of iodinated contrast media (IOCM) and to compare the safety profiles of different IOCM. This study used the database of AEs reports submitted by healthcare professionals from 15 Regional Pharmacovigilance Centers between June 24, 2009 and December 31, 2010 in Korea. All reports of IOCM, including iopromide, iohexol, iopamidol, iomeprol, ioversol, iobitridol and iodixanol, were analyzed.

Utilization of evidence-based treatment in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: using Korean Health Insurance claims database.

Background: Chronic heart failure accounts for a great deal of the morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Evidence-based treatments include angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Underutilization of these treatments in heart failure patients were frequently reported, which could lead to increase morbidity and mortality.

Overlapping medication associated with healthcare switching among Korean elderly diabetic patients.

This study was performed to describe the patterns of healthcare switching with overlapping use of anti-diabetic medication in the elderly using the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's claims data. The study subjects were ambulatory elderly diabetic patients (ICD-10, E10-14) receiving at least one oral anti-diabetic drug or insulin, and visiting healthcare facilities more than two times between January and December 2005. A total of 457,975 elderly diabetic ambulatory care patients were identified.

Thiazolidinedione use in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: with and without heart failure.

Purpose: To compare the prescribing patterns of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes with and without heart failure (HF).

Methods: The national health insurance claims database from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), Korea was used. Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes taking at least one hypoglycemic agent were studied between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2006.

[The risk of fracture with taking alpha blockers for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Objectives: We evaluated the risk of fracture associated with hypotension-related adverse drug reaction caused by taking alpha blockers to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: We used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from January 1st 2005 to June 30th 2006 for this study. The male patients with BPH and who had a prescription for alpha blockers following any fractures were defined as the cases.