Tailoring tokamak error fields to control plasma instabilities and transport.

A tokamak relies on the axisymmetric magnetic fields to confine fusion plasmas and aims to deliver sustainable and clean energy. However, misalignments arise inevitably in the tokamak construction, leading to small asymmetries in the magnetic field known as error fields (EFs). The EFs have been a major concern in the tokamak approaches because small EFs, even less than 0.

Clinical Trial: Efficacy of Mosapride Controlled-release and Nortriptyline in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter, Double-placebo, Double-blinded, Randomized Controlled, Parallel Clinical Study.

Background/aims: Prokinetic agents and neuromodulators are among the treatment options for functional dyspepsia (FD), but their comparative efficacy is unclear. We aimed to compare the efficacy of mosapride controlled-release (CR) and nortriptyline in patients with FD after 4 weeks of treatment.

Methods: Participants with FD were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive mosapride CR (mosapride CR 15 mg and nortriptyline placebo) or nortriptyline (mosapride CR placebo and nortriptyline 10 mg) in double-placebo, double-blinded, randomized controlled, parallel clinical study.

Efficacy and safety of HIP1601 (dual delayed-release esomeprazole) 40 mg in erosive esophagitis compared to HGP1705 (delayed-release esomeprazole) 40 mg: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study.

Background: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective drugs for treating acid-related disorders. However, once-daily dosing with conventional PPIs fail to fully control acid secretion over 24 h. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of HIP1601 (dual delayed-release esomeprazole) and HGP1705 (delayed-release esomeprazole) in patients with erosive esophagitis (EE).

Polarized structured illumination microscopy using polarization gratings for optical sectioning.

In this investigation, we describe polarized structured illumination microscopy based on polarization gratings to generate a stable polarized illumination pattern in an extensive area. The visibility of the illumination pattern is immediately calculated by using a polarizing pixelated camera, and the 3D surface profile of the specimen can be successfully reconstructed. Moreover, a polarization grating pair was used to reasonably eliminate the unexpected pattern caused by the polarization grating itself.

Polarized structured illumination microscopy using polarization gratings for optical sectioning: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains corrections to Appl. Opt.62, 7373 (2023)APOPAI0003-693510.

Initial multicenter experience using a novel articulating through-the-scope traction device for endoscopic submucosal dissection.

A single-operator, articulating, through-the-scope (TTS) traction device was recently developed to facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Clinical data on the performance of this device are limited. We report an initial multicenter experience with ESD using this articulating TTS traction device.

Effect of Eradication on Body Weight: A Multicenter Propensity Score-matched Analysis in Korea.

Background/aims: There is growing interest in whether eradication (HPE) can affect body weight.

Methods: Data from 5 universities between January 2013 and December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. -positive subjects who had body weight measurements taken at least twice at intervals of 3 months or longer were included.

A Review of Characterization and Modelling Approaches for Sheet Metal Forming of Lightweight Metallic Materials.

Lightweight sheet metals are attractive for aerospace and automotive applications due to their exceptional properties, such as low density and high strength. Sheet metal forming (SMF) is a key technology to manufacturing lightweight thin-walled complex-shaped components. With the development of SMF, numerical simulation and theoretical modelling are promoted to enhance the performance of new SMF technologies.

Eosinophil and Mast Cell Counts in the Stomach and Duodenum of Patients with Functional Dyspepsia without a infection.

Background/aims: Symptom-based subtyping of functional dyspepsia (FD) is used to segregate patients into groups with homogenous pathophysiological mechanisms. This study examined whether subtyping could reflect the duodenal and gastric microinflammation in FD patients.

Methods: Twenty-one FD patients without infection were recruited.

Timing of endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

The optimal timing of endoscopy in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the clinical outcomes of urgent endoscopy in patients with UGIB compared with elective endoscopy. From January 2016 to December 2018, consecutive patients who visited the emergency department and underwent endoscopy for clinical manifestations of acute UGIB, including variceal bleeding, were eligible.

Efficacy of Twice a Day Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for Second-Line Treatment of Infection.

Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is an effective treatment for infection. However, frequent dosing schedules of BQT regimen often compromise drug adherence and may affect treatment outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy of twice-daily BQT compared to that of four times a day therapy.

Development and Validity Assessment of a Self-evaluation Questionnaire for Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter Prospective Study in Korea.

Background/aims: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are essential for clinical decision making, conduction of clinical research, and drug application acquisition in functional gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study is to develop a PRO instrument and to determine the respondents' perception of the efficacy of therapeutic agents for functional dyspepsia (FD).

Methods: A self-evaluation questionnaire for dyspepsia (SEQ-DYSPEPSIA) was developed and validated through a structured process.

Clinical outcomes of endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Background: Ingested foreign objects frequently require emergency removal. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract and the risk factors for adverse events.

Methods: Adults (> 18 years) who underwent endoscopic management of ingested foreign bodies at two centers, one inland and one on the coast, between January 2008 and December 2017 were eligible.

2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings, and treatment responsiveness. GERD diagnosis can be established with symptomatology, pathology, or physiology.

Polarized imaging interpreter for simultaneous clocking metrology of multiple objects.

A polarized imaging interpreter to simultaneously measure rotational angles of multiple objects is proposed and experimentally verified. Based on the multiplexed optical configuration using a polarization pixelated camera, the proposed sensor has the unique feature to precisely monitor the standard and the non-standard clocking motions in static or dynamic applications at once.

Selected nasogastric lavage in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Risk stratification before endoscopy is crucial for proper management of patients suspected as having upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). There is no consensus regarding the role of nasogastric lavage for risk stratification. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of nasogastric lavage to identify patients with UGIB requiring endoscopic examination.

Sleep disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia: A multicenter study from the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.

Background And Aim: The few studies concerning the association between sleep disorders and functional dyspepsia (FD) have yielded inconsistent results. We compared the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with FD and healthy controls, and evaluated whether FD was independently associated with sleep disorders, and the risk factors for sleep disorders in patients with FD.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2014 to December 2017 at 12 hospitals in South Korea.

2019 Seoul Consensus on Esophageal Achalasia Guidelines.

Esophageal achalasia is a primary motility disorder characterized by insufficient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and loss of esophageal peristalsis. Achalasia is a chronic disease that causes progressive irreversible loss of esophageal motor function. The recent development of high-resolution manometry has facilitated the diagnosis of achalasia, and determining the achalasia subtypes based on high-resolution manometry can be important when deciding on treatment methods.

Optimal Timing of Feeding After Endoscopic Hemostasis in Patients With Peptic Ulcer Bleeding: A Randomized, Noninferiority Trial (CRIS KCT0001019).

Objectives: The optimal duration of fasting after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding has not yet been determined. We investigated the appropriate timing of feeding after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding.

Methods: This study was a randomized, single center, noninferiority trial.

Clinical significance of regional lymph node enlargement in patients with EGC within the expanded criteria for ESD.

Background: Lymph node (LN) metastasis is negligible in early gastric cancer (EGC) within expanded criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, regional lymph nodes in abdominal CT scans are sometimes enlarged in patients with EGC within the expanded criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of regional lymph node enlargement on abdominal CT scan in patients with EGC within the expanded criteria for ESD.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Functional Dyspepsia in Korea.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptom complex that routine diagnostic work-up, such as endoscopy, blood laboratory analysis, or radiological examination, fails to identify a cause. It is highly prevalent in the World population, and its response to the various available therapeutic strategies is only modest because of the heterogenous nature of its pathogenesis. Therefore, FD represents a heavy medical burden for healthcare systems.

What Is Appropriate Upper Endoscopic Interval Among Dyspeptic Patients With Previously Normal Endoscopy? A Multicenter Study With Bayesian Change Point Analysis.

Background/aims: Appropriate interval for performing follow-up endoscopy among dyspeptic patients without abnormal findings on previous endoscopy is unclear. We analyzed the multicenter-collected data from the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.

Methods: We collected clinical data of the patients who visited the gastroenterology department and underwent 2 or more sessions of upper endoscopy during 2012-2017 at 6 university hospitals in Korea.

eradication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Multicenter prospective observational study.

Objective: To compare () eradication rate of type 2 diabetic patients with non-diabetic subjects.

Methods: In this multicenter prospective observational study, -infected subjects were enrolled from three university-affiliated hospitals. Eradication regimen was triple therapy with standard dose of proton pump inhibitors (b.