Inhalation Toxicity Screening of Consumer Products Chemicals using OECD Test Guideline Data-based Machine Learning Models.

This study aimed to screen the inhalation toxicity of chemicals found in consumer products such as air fresheners, fragrances, and anti-fogging agents submitted to K-REACH using machine learning models. We manually curated inhalation toxicity data based on OECD test guideline 403 (Acute inhalation), 412 (Sub-acute inhalation), and 413 (Sub-chronic inhalation) for 1709 chemicals from the OECD eChemPortal database. Machine learning models were trained using ten algorithms, along with four molecular fingerprints (MACCS, Morgan, Topo, RDKit) and molecular descriptors, achieving F1 scores ranging from 51 % to 91 % in test dataset.

Can Patient Triaging with Clinical Scoring Systems Reduce CT Use in Adolescents and Young Adults Suspected of Having Appendicitis?

Background There are ongoing efforts to reduce CT radiation exposure for the diagnosis of appendicitis. Recent guidelines recommend using clinical scoring systems to triage patients who need imaging examinations. Purpose To determine whether patient triaging with scoring systems can reduce CT use without a loss of diagnostic accuracy in adolescents and young adults suspected of having appendicitis.

Differentiation between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis: diagnostic model development and validation study.

Purpose: Differentiating complicated appendicitis has become important, as multiple trials showed that non-operative management of uncomplicated appendicitis is feasible. We developed and validated a diagnostic model to differentiate complicated from uncomplicated appendicitis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1153 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 30 ± 8 years) with appendicitis on CT (804 patients for development, and 349 for validation).

Diagnostic Yield and False-Referral Rate of Staging Chest CT in Patients with Colon Cancer.

Purpose To measure the diagnostic yield and false-referral rate (FRR) of staging contrast material-enhanced chest CT based on the clinical stage from contrast-enhanced abdominal CT in patients with colon cancer. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 1743 patients (mean age, 63.4 years; range, 18-96 years) with a diagnosis of colon cancer.

Low-dose (2-mSv) computed tomography for suspected appendicitis: Applicability in an emergency department.

Objectives: To document the level of interobserver agreement and compare the diagnostic performances of emergency physicians and radiologists at interpreting low radiation CT images of acute appendicitis in adolescents and young adults.

Methods: One hundred and seven adolescents and young adult patients (aged 15 to 44years) that underwent 2-mSv low-dose CT for suspected acute appendicitis between June and December in 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Three emergency physicians and three radiologists with different experiences of low-dose CT independently reviewed CT images.

Can We Perform CT of the Appendix with Less Than 1 mSv? A De-escalating Dose-simulation Study.

Objectives: To systematically explore the lowest reasonably achievable radiation dose for appendiceal CT using an iterative reconstruction (IR) in young adults.

Methods: We prospectively included 30 patients who underwent 2.0-mSv CT for suspected appendicitis.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of CT Features for Differentiating Complicated and Uncomplicated Appendicitis.

Purpose To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify computed tomographic (CT) features for differentiating complicated appendicitis in patients suspected of having appendicitis and to summarize their diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods Studies on diagnostic accuracy of CT features for differentiating complicated appendicitis (perforated or gangrenous appendicitis) in patients suspected of having appendicitis were searched in Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Overlapping descriptors used in different studies to denote the same image finding were subsumed under a single CT feature.

Evaluation of tumor angiogenesis in a mouse PC-3 prostate cancer model using dynamic contrast-enhanced sonography.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate tumor angiogenesis in a mouse xenograft model injected with human PC-3 prostate cancer cells using contrast-enhanced sonography.

Methods: Sixteen nude mice were injected with human prostate cancer cells on the back or the flank. Contrast-enhanced sonography was performed with a 5- to 12-MHz broadband linear transducer after a 500-μL bolus injection of a sonographic contrast agent composed of lipid shells and sulfur hexafluoride.

Predicting the fidelity of JPEG2000 compressed CT images using DICOM header information.

Purpose: To propose multiple logistic regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models constructed using digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) header information in predicting the fidelity of Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000 compressed abdomen computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: Our institutional review board approved this study and waived informed patient consent. Using a JPEG2000 algorithm, 360 abdomen CT images were compressed reversibly (n = 48, as negative control) or irreversibly (n = 312) to one of different compression ratios (CRs) ranging from 4:1 to 10:1.