ω-3 PUFAs Ameliorated the Maternal High-Fructose Diet-Induced Early-Onset Retinopathy in Offspring via Inhibiting NLRP3-Associated Neuroinflammation.

Scope: Maternal high fructose diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation can initiate retinal dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.

Methods And Results: By using the rodent model of maternal HFD in this study, the results from electroretinography (ERG) indicate that b-wave amplitude, an index of inner retinal function, is significantly reduced as early as 3 months old and the deteriorated effect can be detected at 15 months old.

Using a Smartphone-Based Chatbot for Postoperative Care After Intravitreal Injection During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic period, it was difficult to carry out regular and scheduled follow-up of patients in the outpatient department, especially during lockdown periods. However, early detection of initial infection or other serious conditions is vital for patients after ocular surgery, such as intravitreal injection (IVI) for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Objective: We evaluated the use of a smartphone-based postoperative care chatbot system (PCCS) with an instant bidirectional feedback system for patients to self-report postoperative symptoms and signs.

Miro1 improves the exogenous engraftment efficiency and therapeutic potential of mitochondria transfer using Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells.

Mitochondria are important for maintaining cellular energy metabolism and regulating cellular senescence. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes subunits of the OXPHOS complexes which are essential for cellular respiration and energy production. Meanwhile, mtDNA variants have been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including MELAS, for which no effective treatment has been developed.

Ultraviolet A at levels experienced outdoors suppresses transforming growth factor-beta signaling and collagen production in human scleral fibroblasts.

Previous studies have highlighted the importance of outdoor time in reducing the risk of myopia progression. Although ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation dominates in terms of energy with respect to the UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, its effects on the exposed anterior sclera have not been well studied. This study was designed to investigate the UVA-induced biological effects at peak sunlight levels in human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs).

Iron Brain Menace: The Involvement of Ferroptosis in Parkinson Disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease. The characteristic pathology of progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in people with PD is associated with iron accumulation and is suggested to be driven in part by the novel cell death pathway, ferroptosis. A unique modality of cell death, ferroptosis is mediated by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation.

Outcomes and eye care knowledge in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a history of laser refractive surgery for myopia.

Purpose: To investigate the surgical outcomes and eye care knowledge of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who had previously undergone laser refractive surgery (LRS) for myopia in a myopia epidemic area.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with primary RRD who underwent surgery and had a history of LRS for myopia at a tertiary medical center. Data were reviewed from medical charts to analyse the surgical outcomes.

5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium from Sodium Iodate-Induced Ferroptosis and Prevents Retinal Degeneration.

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to damage of retinal cells and the development of retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ROS result in increased metabolites of lipoxygenases (LOXs), which react with ROS to induce lipid peroxidation and may lead to ferroptosis. In this study, the effect of 5-LOX inhibition on alleviating ROS-induced cell death was evaluated using sodium iodate (NaIO) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line ARPE-19 and a mouse model investigating oxidative stress in AMD.

Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in a photoreceptor degenerative model of retinal detachment.

Currently, no pharmacotherapy has been proven effective in treating photoreceptor degeneration in patients. Discovering readily available and safe neuroprotectants is therefore highly sought after. Here, we investigated nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), in a retinal detachment (RD) induced photoreceptor degeneration.

Oxidative stress enhanced the transforming growth factor-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through chemokine ligand 1 on ARPE-19 cell.

Fibroblast-like transformation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a pathological feature of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that may cause blindness. The effect of oxidative stress alone or together with transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is not fully understood in RPE. TGF-β2 induced the upregulation EMT markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Snail, and Slug and downregulation of E-cadherin (E-cad) in ARPE-19 cells.

Genetic LAMP2 deficiency accelerates the age-associated formation of basal laminar deposits in the retina.

The early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are characterized by the accumulation of basal laminar deposits (BLamDs). The mechanism for BLamDs accumulating between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its basal lamina remains elusive. Here we examined the role in AMD of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2), a glycoprotein that plays a critical role in lysosomal biogenesis and maturation of autophagosomes/phagosomes.

RIP1 kinase mediates angiogenesis by modulating macrophages in experimental neovascularization.

Inflammation plays an important role in pathological angiogenesis. Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is highly expressed in inflammatory cells and is known to play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation; however, a comprehensive description of its role in angiogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that RIP1 is abundantly expressed in infiltrating macrophages during angiogenesis, and genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RIP1 kinase activity using kinase-inactive RIP1 mice or necrostatin-1 attenuates angiogenesis in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, Matrigel plug angiogenesis, and alkali injury-induced corneal neovascularization in mice.

Lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 deficiency increases the risk of reactive oxygen species-induced ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2), is a highly glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein involved in chaperone mediated autophagy. Mutations of LAMP2 cause the classic triad of myopathy, cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy of Danon disease (DD). Additionally, retinopathy has also been observed in young DD patients, leading to vision loss.

Fixation behavior in macular dystrophy assessed by microperimetry.

Purpose: To investigate the fixation behavior in macular dystrophy using microperimetry.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with macular dystrophy and unilateral macular pucker. Macular dystrophic eyes were compared based on fixation within or outside of the atrophic region.

Retinal Detachment Associated With Basketball-Related Eye Trauma.

Purpose: Basketball is a popular sport involving significant body contact, which may frequently result in ocular trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and visual outcomes of retinal detachment associated with basketball-related injury.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

GORE-TEX VASCULAR GRAFT FOR MACULAR BUCKLING IN HIGH MYOPIA EYES.

Purpose: To evaluate a new application of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) vascular graft for use in macular buckling surgery for treatment of highly myopic eyes.

Methods: The Gore-Tex vascular graft was used as a macular buckling material in eight consecutive cases of myopic macular diseases which included fovea detachment, foveoschisis, or macular hole retinal detachment.

Results: Retinal reattachment was achieved in all cases except one which had partial resolution (88%).

Diabetic Retinopathy Is Strongly Predictive of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes.

A well-established, comprehensive, and simple test battery was used here to re-evaluate risk factors for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 diabetes. One hundred and seventy-four patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated through the methods of deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver for correlation with factors that might influence the presence and severity of CAN. The Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS) was used to grade the severity of autonomic impairment, and CAN was defined as a CASS score ≥2.

High-fat diet induces toll-like receptor 4-dependent macrophage/microglial cell activation and retinal impairment.

Purpose: The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is involved in chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, which are associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus. In the present study, a model of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding of mice was used to investigate the role of TLR4 in overnutrition- and obesity-associated inflammation and infiltration of macrophages and microglia in the retina.

Methods: Wild-type C57BL/6 and TLR4 knockout (TLR4KO; B6.

Amyloid-beta mediates the receptor of advanced glycation end product-induced pro-inflammatory response via toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5.

Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-β, a product of amyloid precursor protein, is associated with neuro-inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's diseases. The correlation between amyloid-beta and advanced glycation end products, which accumulate in tissue of diabetic patients, is not clear.

Pattern visual evoked potentials for identifying malingering.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of pattern visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in evaluating objective visual acuity (VA) and discriminating malingerers.

Methods: Two hundred and forty-nine eyes of 249 patients aged 20-65 years were included. There were 147 eyes with macular diseases (group 1) and 102 eyes with optic nerve diseases (group 2).