An Investigation of the Indentation Elastic Modulus for Metal Films on Flexible Substrates Considering the Substrate Effect.

The accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of thin metal films on flexible substrates is critical for understanding the mechanical reliability of flexible electronics. However, conventional methods, such as the Oliver-Pharr model, often underestimate the modulus due to substrate effects, particularly with low-modulus substrates like polyimide (PI). In this study, we propose an improved weighting model that replaces the empirical weighting factor with a variable X to better account for substrate contributions.

Distributed Watchdogs Based on Blockchain for Securing Industrial Internet of Things.

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) could enhance automation and analytics in industrial environments. Despite the promising benefits of IIoT, securely managing software updates is a challenging problem for those critical applications. This is due to at least the intrinsic lack of software protection mechanisms in legacy industrial systems.

Patch Transporter: Incentivized, Decentralized Software Patch System for WSN and IoT Environments.

[-12]In the complicated settings of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) and IoT (Internet of Things) environments, keeping a number of heterogeneous devices updated is a challenging job, especially with respect to effectively discovering target devices and rapidly delivering the software updates. In this paper, we convert the traditional software update process to a distributed service. We set an incentive system for faithfully transporting the patches to the recipient devices.

A Game Theoretic Optimization Method for Energy Efficient Global Connectivity in Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks.

For practical deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSN), WSNs construct clusters, where a sensor node communicates with other nodes in its cluster, and a cluster head support connectivity between the sensor nodes and a sink node. In hybrid WSNs, cluster heads have cellular network interfaces for global connectivity. However, when WSNs are active and the load of cellular networks is high, the optimal assignment of cluster heads to base stations becomes critical.

Clinicopathological characteristics of colon cancer diagnosed at primary health care institutions.

Background/aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of colon cancers detected at the SOK Sokpeynhan Internal Medical Network, a nationwide system of primary health care institutions.

Methods: We analyzed 579 colon cancer patients diagnosed using colonoscopy at the SOK network from January 2011 through December 2012. Cancers from the rectum to the splenic flexure were classified as left colon cancer.

[Clinicopathologic characteristics of superficial gastric cancer diagnosed at primary health care institutions in 2011].

Background/aims: Stomach cancer is prevalent in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of superficial gastric cancers detected at SOK Sokpeynhan Internal Medical Network, the nationwide primary health care institutions.

Methods: We prospectively analysed the clinicopathologic and endoscopic characteristics of 218 superficial gastric cancer patients diagnosed using gastric endoscopy at SOK network from January 2011 through December 2011.

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Bcl-2 in human gastric adenomas.

Background: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. An increased expression has been implicated in the development and progression of human gastric cancers and colorectal adenomas and cancers. This study aimed to determine the involvement and association of COX-2 and Bcl-2 in precancerous gastric adenomas.

[Cyclooxygenase-2 expression according to size and location of gastric and colorectal tubular adenomas].

Background/aims: Recent studies have shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may be involved in the process of invasion, growth and apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma and in the growth and tumorigenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis. This study was conducted to determine the significance of the expression of COX-2 in gastric and colorectal adenomas.

Methods: Forty-nine samples of gastric adenoma and fifty-seven samples of colorectal adenoma were obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection or polypectomy from 106 patients from January 2000 to July 2003.

The bone regenerative effect of chitosan microsphere-encapsulated growth hormone on bony consolidation in mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a dog model.

The purpose of this project was to study the effect of chitosan microsphere-encapsulated human growth hormone, which causes sustained release of chitosan and human growth hormone after implantation on early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis of a canine model. Forty-eight dogs were used for this study. An external distraction device was applied to the mandibular body after a vertical osteotomy, and the mandibular distraction was started 5 days after the operation at a rate of 1 mm/d up to a 10-mm distraction.

[Clinical efficacy of AST/ALT ratio and platelet counts as predictors of degree of fibrosis in HBV infected patients without clinically evident liver cirrhosis].

Background/aims: Hepatic fibrosis is an important prognostic factor in chronic hepatitis B. Liver biopsy is a gold standard diagnostic tool but an invasive procedure, so it cannot be done on all patients. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of AST/ALT ratio and platelet counts as predictors of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.

[Laparoscopic and percutaneous ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary study].

Background/aims: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is emerging as a new therapeutic method in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We report the results of 64 patients with a follow-up interval of 3 to 19 months.

Method: Sixty-four patients with 82 nodules underwent ultrasound guided RFA.