Effects of the Thickness Ratio of Zirconia-Lithium Disilicate Bilayered Ceramics on the Translucency and Flexural Strength.

Purpose: To determine the effects of the total thickness and core/veneer thickness ratio of bilayered ceramics on their three-point flexural strength and translucency.

Materials And Methods: Two groups of specimens were prepared with two different total thicknesses, 1.0 mm and 0.

Cost-effective 400-Gbps micro-intradyne coherent receiver using optical butt-coupling and FPCB wirings.

We present a cost-effective and bandwidth-enhanced 64-Gbaud micro-intradyne coherent receiver based on hybrid integration of InP waveguide-photodetector (WG-PD) and silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC). InP waveguide-photodetector (WG-PD) arrays are simply chip-to-chip bonded and optically butt-coupled to a silica-based dual-polarization optical hybrid chip. Multiple flexible printed circuit boards are adapted for electrical RF and DC wirings, which provide low-cost integration and good RF performance of the receiver.

Experimental filtering effect on the daylight operation of a free-space quantum key distribution.

One of the challenges of implementing free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) systems working in daylight is to remove unwanted background noise photons from sunlight. Elaborate elimination of background photons in the spectral, temporal, and spatial domains is an indispensable requirement to decrease the quantum bit error rate (QBER), which guarantees the security of the systems. However, quantitative effects of different filtering techniques and performance optimization in terms of the secure key rate have not been investigated.

High-speed waveguide photodetector for 64 Gbaud coherent receiver.

A high-speed waveguide photodetector has been successfully fabricated for an integrated coherent receiver. Dual laterally tapered structures are introduced for a spot-size converter. We optimize the responsivity and the polarization-dependent loss of the spot-size converter-integrated waveguide photodetector through the beam propagation method simulation.

Critical side channel effects in random bit generation with multiple semiconductor lasers in a polarization-based quantum key distribution system.

Most polarization-based BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) systems utilize multiple lasers to generate one of four polarization quantum states randomly. However, random bit generation with multiple lasers can potentially open critical side channels that significantly endangers the security of QKD systems. In this paper, we show unnoticed side channels of temporal disparity and intensity fluctuation, which possibly exist in the operation of multiple semiconductor laser diodes.

Optimization of spot-size converter for low polarization dependent loss of waveguide photodetector.

We present an optimization of spot-size converter (SSC) of waveguide photodetector (PD) for small polarization dependent loss (PDL). Beam-propagation method simulation gives responsivity for each polarization and SSC structure. From the calculated responsivity data, optimum structure of SSC is determined that can be implemented with a sufficient process tolerance.

Directional single mode emission in a microcavity laser.

We report directional single mode emission in an InGaAsP semiconductor microcavity laser, which is composed of a circle and an isosceles trapezoid. When exciting a whole cavity, the laser generates a single mode without hopping in two directions over a wide range of continuous injection currents. In the emission spectrum, it is confirmed from the equidistant mode spacing that a scar mode becomes a single lasing mode above the lasing threshold.

Channel estimation and synchronization for polarization-division multiplexed CO-OFDM using subcarrier/polarization interleaved training symbols.

We propose and demonstrate the use of subcarrier/polarization-interleaved training symbols for channel estimation and synchronization in polarization-division multiplexed (PDM) coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (CO-OFDM) transmission. The principle, the computational efficiency, and the frequency-offset tolerance of the proposed method are described. We show that the use of subcarrier/polarization interleaving doubles the tolerance to the frequency offset between the transmit laser and the receiver's optical local oscillator as compared to conventional schemes.

The effect of gain medium length on dynamic mode stability in semiconductor lasers with a long intra-cavity filter.

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the effect of the physical length of gain medium on dynamic mode stability in semiconductor lasers with an intra-cavity filter. In simulation, two types of analysis models were used to examine the lasing properties and to analyze the dynamic mode stability of the external-cavity system, respectively. In experiment, two different kinds of the structures were fabricated and their spectra were analyzed.

Asymmetric multiple-quantum-well laser diodes with wide and flat gain.

Asymmetric multiple-quantum-well laser diodes with wide and flat gain spectra were designed, fabricated, and analyzed. The active layer was composed of three 10-nm, one 8-nm, and two 6-nm 0.5% compressive strained wells and four 10-nm and one 5-nm 0.