Erratum: Correction of Tables in the Article "Reference Respiratory Muscle Strength Values and a Prediction Equation Using Physical Functions for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Korea".

This corrects the article on p. e325 in vol. 38, PMID: 37846788.

Reference Respiratory Muscle Strength Values and a Prediction Equation Using Physical Functions for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Korea.

Background: In Korea, tests for evaluating respiratory muscle strength are based on other countries' clinical experience or standards, which can lead to subjective evaluations. When evaluating respiratory function based on the standards of other countries, several variables, such as the race and cultures of different countries, make it difficult to apply these standards. The purpose of this study was to propose objective respiratory muscle strength standards and predicted values for healthy Korean adults based on age, height, weight, and muscle strength, by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and peak cough flow (PCF).

Differences in muscle activity during squat exercises according to the knee angle and standing angle of a sliding tilt table: A comparative study.

Background And Purpose: Weight-bearing exercises can help improve physical function; however, they may be difficult to perform in patients with neurological issues or lower limb fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of the leg muscles during squatting when using a new exercise aid designed to help patients with difficulty in performing squats, termed the sliding tilt table, at different knee angles and to estimate the squat level for each angle.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, observational study performed in the general community.

Sustained release docetaxel-incorporated lipid nanoparticles with improved pharmacokinetics for oral and parenteral administration.

The aim of this study was to develop docetaxel-incorporated lipid nanoparticles (DTX-NPs) to improve the pharmacokinetic behaviour of docetaxel (DTX) after oral and parenteral administration via sustained release. DTX-NPs were prepared by nanotemplate engineering technique with palmityl alcohol as a solid lipid and Tween-40/Span-40/Myrj S40 as a surfactants mixture. Spherical DTX-NPs below 100 nm were successfully prepared with a narrow particle size distribution, 96% of incorporation efficiency and 686 times increase in DTX solubility.

Enhanced anti-rheumatic activity of methotrexate-entrapped ultradeformable liposomal gel in adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

The aim of this study is to investigate in vivo anti-rheumatic activity of methotrexate-entrapped ultradeformable liposomal gel (MTX-UDLs-gel) in adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. Methotrexate-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes (MTX-UDLs) with the optimal phosphatidylcholine to Tween 80 ratio (7:3, w/w) were incorporated into 1% Carbopol gel. MTX-UDLs-gel was characterized in terms of appearance, clarity, homogeneity, pH and drug content.

High payload itraconazole-incorporated lipid nanoparticles with modulated release property for oral and parenteral administration.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop high payload itraconazole-incorporated lipid nanoparticles (HINP) with modulated release property using a binary mixture core of solid and liquid lipid for oral and parenteral administration.

Methods: High payload itraconazole-incorporated lipid nanoparticles were prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization method using tristearin (TS) as a solid lipid, triolein (TO) as a liquid lipid and egg phosphatidylcholine/Tween 80/DSPE-PEG as a surfactants mixture. To investigate the effects of liquid lipid in lipid core on itraconazole (ITZ) dissolution and release, TS/TO ratio was varied as 100/0, 90/10 and 80/20 (mg/mg).

The effect of the shoulder stability exercise using resistant vibration stimulus on forward head posture and muscle activity.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze shoulder stabilization using resistant vibration stimulus during bodyblade exercise followed by forward head posture improvement. [Subjects and Methods] Craniovertebral angle and cranial rotation angle were measured with 24 patients who were diagnosed with forward head posture. The experimental group conducted bodyblade exercise for 6 weeks and all patients received conventional physical therapy.

Enhanced acute anti-inflammatory effects of CORM-2-loaded nanoparticles via sustained carbon monoxide delivery.

The aim of this study was to enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of carbon monoxide (CO) via sustained release of CO from carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2-loaded lipid nanoparticles (CORM-2-NPs). CORM-2-NPs were prepared by hot high pressure homogenization method using trilaurin as a solid lipid core and Tween 20/Span 20/Myrj S40 as surfactant mixture. The physicochemical properties of CORM-2-NPs were characterized and CO release from CORM-2-NPs was assessed by myoglobin assay.

Analysis of electromyographic activities of the lumbar erector spinae caused by inversion traction.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the electromyographic activities of the lumbar erector spinae caused by inversion traction in order to verify the relaxation effect. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects included 60 healthy male adults who were equally and randomly assigned to a 30-30° group, a 30-60° group, and a 60-60° group. Inversion traction was performed for six minutes, and the electromyographic activities of the lumbar erector spinae (L2, L4) were measured before and after inversion traction.

Comparison of dynamic balance ability in healthy university students according to foot shape.

[Purpose] This study aimed to compare dynamic balance ability according to foot shape, defined as normal, pronated, or supinated on the basis of the height of the medial arch. [Subjects] In this study, 14 subjects for the pronated foot group, 14 for the supinated foot group, and 14 for the normal foot group were selected from among 162 healthy university students by using the navicular drop test proposed by Brody. To measure dynamic balance ability, a star excursion balance test (SEBT) was conducted for each group, in which a cross-shaped line and lines at 45° in eight directions were drawn on the floor.

Comparison of skin sensory thresholds using pre-programmed or single-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to compare the sensory thresholds of healthy subjects using pre-programmed or single-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. [Subjects] Ninety healthy adult subjects were randomly assigned to pre-programmed or single-frequency stimulation groups, each consisting of 45 participants. [Methods] Sensory thresholds were measured in the participants' forearms using von Frey filaments before and after pre-programmed or single-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and the result in values were analyzed.

Effect of topographical control by a micro-molding process on the activity of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on alumina ceramics.

Background: Numerous studies have reported that microgrooves on metal and polymer materials can affect cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and guidance. However, our knowledge of the cell activity associated with microgrooves on ceramics, such as alumina, zirconia, hydroxyapatite and etc, is very incomplete, owing to difficulties in the engraving of microgrooves on the hard surface of the base material. In this study, microgrooves on alumina were fabricated by a casting process using a polydimethylsiloxane micro-mold.

Changes in cervical muscle activity according to the traction force of an air-inflatable neck traction device.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze cervical muscle activity at different traction forces of an air-inflatable neck traction device. [Subjects] Eighteen males participated in this study. [Methods] The subjects put on an air-inflatable neck traction device and the traction forces administered were 40, 80, and 120 mmHg.

Surface functionalization of microgrooved titanium with dual growth factor-releasing nanoparticles for synergistic osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

We demonstrate that dual release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by catechol-functionalized adhesive polymer nanoparticles on microgrooved titanium (Ti) surface enhances in vitro osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The nanoparticles consisted of three distinct domains, surface Ti-adhesive catechol groups, anionic poly(L-aspartic acid) (PAsp) shells, and hydrophobic poly(L-phenylalanine) (PPhe) cores. The immobilization of the adhesive nanoparticles onto microgrooved Ti surface was verified using various surface analytical tools, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (Fe-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement.

Effect of Treatment Table Height on Shoulder Muscles during Ultrasound Therapy Work.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to propose a table height that can reduce shoulder muscle fatigue by analyzing and comparing median frequencies of shoulder muscles at different table heights when performing therapeutic ultrasounds work. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 63 healthy male adults who were equally and randomly assigned to a standard height group (SHG), a high height group (HHG), and a low height group (LHG). The standard table height was set at the level of the elbow joint when the subjects flexed their elbow while in a sitting position.

The influence of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the heart rate variability in healthy subjects.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on heart rate variability (HRV). [Subjects and Methods] Ten healthy subjects participated in the study. All subjects received NMES with a pulse duration of 300 us and frequency of 30 Hz at the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis for 15 minutes.

Activities of the Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Medialis Oblique Muscles during Squats on Different Surfaces.

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of squat exercises performed on different surfaces on the activity of the quadriceps femoris muscle in order to provide information on support surfaces for effective squat exercises. [Subjects and Method] Fourteen healthy subjects performed squat exercises for five seconds each on three different support surfaces: hard plates, foam, and rubber air discs. Their performance was measured using electromyography.

Analysis of muscle fatigue of erect spinae caused by treatment table height in ultrasound therapy.

[Purpose] The objective of this study was to propose a work environment that could reduce musculoskeletal workload. Accordingly, spinal muscle fatigue caused by ultrasound therapy at various treatment table heights was examined and compared. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-five healthy subjects participated in this experiment.

Thermal stability of gallium-doped zinc oxide thin film on glass substrates by an RF sputtering process.

The effects of a heat treatment on the structural and electrical properties of GZO thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering were investigated. The heat treatment involved temperatures in the range from 200 degrees C to 500 degrees C under air. As the temperature was increased, the electrical properties of GZO thin films increased exponentially and the surface morphology was drastically altered.

Interfacial structure and electrical properties of transparent conducting ZnO thin films on polymer substrates.

The effects of polymer substrates on the interfacial structure and the thermal stability of Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films were investigated. The GZO thin films were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering at room temperature, and thermal stability tests of the GZO thin films on the polymer substrates were performed at 150°C up to 8 h in air. Electrical and structural characterizations of the GZO thin films on the PET and the PEN substrates were carried out, and the origins of the stable interfacial structure and the improved thermal stability of the GZO thin film on the PEN substrate were discussed.

The effect of surface microgrooves and anodic oxidation on the surface characteristics of titanium and the osteogenic activity of human periodontal ligament cells.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of titanium (Ti) surface microgrooves and anodic oxidation on the surface characteristics of titanium and the osteogenic activity of human periodontal ligament cells (PLCs) cultured on theses surfaces.

Design: Mechanically ground Ti was used as the control substratum (NE0). Truncated V-shaped microgrooves, 60μm-wide and 10μm-deep in cross-sections, were created on the Ti substrata by photolithography (NE60/10).

The significance of differential expression of genes and proteins in human primary cells caused by microgrooved biomaterial substrata.

We demonstrate that etched microgrooves, with truncated V-shape in cross-section and subsequent acid etching, on titanium substrata alter the expression of various genes and proteins in human primary cells. Etched microgrooves with 30 or 60 μm width and 10 μm depth promoted human gingival fibroblast proliferation and significantly enhanced the osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human periodontal ligament cells by inducing differential expression of various genes involved in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, mitosis, cytoskeletal reorganization, translation initiation, vesicular trafficking, proton transportation, transforming growth factor-β signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, simvastatin's anabolic effect on bone, inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)'s action, sumoylation pathway, survival/apoptosis, mitochondrial distribution, type I collagen production, osteoblast differentiation, and bone remodeling that were verified by the differential display PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. The most influential genes on the enhancement of fibroblast proliferation or osteoblast differentiation were determined by multiple regression analysis, and the expression of relevant proteins was confirmed by western blotting and protein quantitation.

Texture direction of combined microgrooves and submicroscale topographies of titanium substrata influence adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation in human primary cells.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the optimal micro- and submicroscale topographies of titanium (Ti) substrata that would most significantly influence adhesion, proliferation, and other activities of these cells.

Design: Truncated V-shaped microgrooves in 60 μm-wide and 10 μm-deep cross-sections with 0°, 30°, 60°, or 90° angles between the microgrooves and ridge-top submicroscale texture were created on the Ti substrata (designated NE60/10-0°, NE60/10-30°, NE60/10-60° and NE60/10-90°, respectively). Ground titanium with submicroscale texture but with no microgrooves was used as the control substratum, NE0.

Factors influencing osteoblast maturation on microgrooved titanium substrata.

In this study, we demonstrate surfaces with various dimensions of microgrooves fabricated by photolithography and subsequent acid etching that enhance various characteristics of titanium. Microgrooves with truncated V-shape in cross-section from 15 to 90 microm widths enabled us to report their exclusive effects on altering the surface chemistry and on enhancing the surface hydrophilicity, serum protein adsorption and osteoblast maturation on titanium substrata in a microgroove dimension-dependent manner. Further, acid etching and measurement direction separately affected the surface hydrophilicity results.