Publications by authors named "Jong-Ho Cho"
Background: Sublobar resection is increasingly recognized as an effective treatment for early-stage NSCLC. However, no studies to date have investigated the potential role of preoperative ctDNA detection in guiding surgical decisions, such as opting for sublobar resection, in stage I NSCLC.
Methods: Patients with solid-dominant (CTR>0.
Article Synopsis
- This study explores the differences in how patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and seeks to identify key biomarkers that predict these responses.
- Researchers analyzed samples from 33 lung cancer biopsies, focusing on 14 taken before ICI treatment, and found that non-responders had more regulatory and memory T cells, while responders displayed diverse activated CD8+ T cells.
- They identified specific tumor cell activity linked to resistance to ICIs, achieving over 95% accuracy in predicting patient responses by combining immune cell profiles with tumor characteristics, highlighting the importance of the tumor-immune environment in NSCLC treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) before surgery is the main treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer, with three regimens compared for effectiveness and safety in patients treated between 2016 and 2022.
- Overall survival rates were best with the CROSS regimen, showing 88.1% at one year, while pathologic complete response (pCR) rates were similar across all regimens.
- Grade 3 toxicities varied by regimen, with the CROSS group experiencing the least adverse effects and weight loss, suggesting it may be the preferable option for treatment.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focused on developing a machine learning algorithm to accurately predict red blood cell (RBC) needs for patients undergoing thoracic surgery (TS), aiming to enhance patient safety and surgical efficiency.
- - Researchers analyzed data from 7,843 TS cases, ultimately selecting an extreme gradient boosting model (pMSBOS-TS) that significantly outperformed traditional methods in RBC prediction, using fewer blood packs overall.
- - The usability of the pMSBOS-TS clinical decision support system was positively evaluated, scoring 72.5 on the System Usability Scale, which indicates it is well-accepted by clinicians.
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 680 patients were analyzed, and after balancing confounding factors through propensity score matching, key outcomes like lymph node dissection and survival rates were compared.
- * Results indicated that both techniques yielded similar overall survival rates and oncological outcomes, suggesting they are both viable options for treating mid-to-lower ESCC.
Objectives: The use of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in patients with early-stage disease before surgery is limited, mainly owing to restricted tissue access and extended turnaround times. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of a tumor-naïve, methylation-based cell-free DNA assay in a large cohort of patients with resected NSCLC.
Method: We analyzed presurgical plasma samples from 895 patients with EGFR and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-wild-type, clinical stage I or II NSCLC.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers analyzed data from major databases and implemented sequencing techniques to identify 366 specific methylation markers for lung cancer detection.
- * They created a targeted sequencing panel that demonstrated an accuracy of 81.5% in distinguishing lung cancer from healthy samples, reaching impressive sensitivity levels in detecting cancer at low tumor fractions.
Article Synopsis
- This study looked at patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who couldn't or chose not to have surgery after receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).
- Of the 715 patients analyzed, 105 (14.7%) didn't undergo surgery, with reasons including disease progression, functional decline, or patient refusal.
- Results showed that patients who refused surgery had significantly worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates compared to those who had surgery, especially if they had a partial or stable response to treatment, although overall survival (OS) rates were not significantly different between the two groups.
Article Synopsis
- Occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) is common in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), despite following established diagnostic guidelines.
- The study evaluated the risk of OLNM based on specific radiologic characteristics of primary tumors as seen on CT scans in a retrospective analysis of 2042 NSCLC patients.
- Findings revealed that certain tumor features, such as endobronchial location, significantly increased the risk of OLNM, while others, like heterogeneous ground-glass opacity, had a lower risk, helping clinicians better determine the need for invasive nodal staging.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with stage IIIA/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent prior neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and complete surgical resection.
- Findings showed a median disease-free survival (DFS) of 22.4 months and a 5-year DFS rate of 29%, indicating pembrolizumab may help control the disease long-term for some patients.
- Despite some patients experiencing tumor recurrence, no new safety concerns were observed, suggesting that pembrolizumab could be a viable treatment option post-surgery for specific NSCLC patients.
Article Synopsis
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to type 2 diabetes and various cancers, but its connection to esophageal cancer (EC) in diabetic individuals has not been previously studied.
- A large-scale study analyzing data from nearly 1.9 million diabetic patients in Korea found that those with a high fatty liver index (FLI) had a greater risk of developing EC, particularly among specific demographics like older, non-smoking, and non-drinking individuals.
- Lean individuals with MASLD showed the highest risk of EC, while obese patients did not exhibit the same correlation with FLI; this suggests a need for further research to explore the causal link between
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the risks of complications following major lung surgery after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer.
- It reveals that patients over 70 years old, those with low body mass index, and those undergoing pneumonectomy face significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality post-surgery.
- The findings suggest that alternative treatments may be more suitable for high-risk patients, particularly the elderly or those with poorer lung function, rather than pursuing surgical options.
Article Synopsis
- Recent research highlights the importance of novel transcriptional factor-based molecular subtypes in predicting outcomes for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients through in-depth analysis of multi-omics data combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC).
- The study involved a comprehensive examination of data from 427 SCLC patients, focusing on mutation profiles, gene expression, and inflammation signatures, revealing distinct molecular subtypes and their clinical outcomes.
- Findings showed significant differences in survival rates among subtypes, with the ASCL1 subtype exhibiting the most favorable overall survival, and inflamed tumors being more responsive to immunotherapy compared to non-inflamed tumors.
Article Synopsis
- * Out of 810 patients, 19.6% experienced PPCs, with those in the low lung function groups having a significantly higher relative risk (RR) for developing these complications compared to those with better lung function.
- * The findings suggest that poor preoperative lung function increases the risk of PPCs after esophagectomy, especially when both FEV and DLco levels are low.
Role of invasive mediastinal nodal staging in survival outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and without radiologic lymph node metastasis: a retrospective cohort study.
Hong Kwan Kim Yeong Jeong Jeon Sang-Won Um Sun Hye Shin Byeong-Ho Jeong Yoon-La Choi Joon Young Choi Jong Ho Cho Yong Soo Choi
EClinicalMedicine
March 2024
Article Synopsis
- Lung cancer diagnostic guidelines recommend invasive mediastinal nodal staging (IMNS), but its effectiveness on survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without lymph node metastasis (rN0) remains unclear.
- A study compared long-term survival rates between NSCLC patients who underwent IMNS and those who did not, using data from the Samsung Medical Centre from 2008 to 2016.
- Results showed no significant survival difference; both groups had similar 5-year overall survival rates (73.9% for IMNS vs. 71.7% for non-IMNS) and recurrence-free survival rates, despite a 7.2% incidence of unexpected metastasis in the IMNS group.
Article Synopsis
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) show worse postoperative and long-term survival outcomes compared to those without LC.
- In a study of 121 LC patients and 2810 non-LC patients who underwent surgery, those with LC experienced longer operation times, higher blood loss, and increased morbidity and mortality rates.
- Child-Pugh class A LC significantly impacts overall survival, suggesting the need for careful patient selection and postoperative management for individuals with LC undergoing esophagectomy.
Article Synopsis
- This study reviews cases of patients who underwent contralateral lung resection following a pneumonectomy over a 26-year period, providing insights into the challenges and outcomes of this procedure.
- A total of 13 patients participated, with a median age of 57 and a variety of surgical interventions performed, mainly wedge resections.
- The results indicate that complications were common but manageable, showing that this type of surgery can be safely performed in well-selected patients.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the expression of PD-L1, a biomarker for immunotherapy, in lung adenocarcinoma and how it relates to a new grading system for tumors.
- In a cohort of 1,233 patients, PD-L1 positivity was found to increase with tumor grade: 7% in G1, 23.5% in G2, and 63% in G3 tumors.
- PD-L1 was linked to worse patient outcomes, being an independent risk factor for recurrence and death in G2 tumors, but not significantly in G3 tumors.
Article Synopsis
- The study introduces a new ypTNM grouping system to enhance prognostic accuracy for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery.
- It critiques the existing AJCC 8th edition ypStage system for its poor prognostic relevance and develops a revised system using data from 923 ESCC patients treated in two medical centers.
- The new classification shows improved survival discrimination and addresses the limitations of the old system, resulting in better patient stratification outcomes.