Artificial Light at Night and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The widespread and pervasive use of artificial light at night (ALAN) in our modern 24-hour society has emerged as a substantial disruptor of natural circadian rhythms, potentially leading to a rise in unhealthy lifestyle-related behaviors (e.g., poor sleep; shift work).

Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Background And Aims: Longitudinal change in income is crucial in explaining cardiovascular health inequalities. However, there is limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with income dynamics over time among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Using a nationally representative sample from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 1 528 108 adults aged 30-64 with T2D and no history of CVD were included from 2009 to 2012 (mean follow-up of 7.

Changes in physical activity and diabetes risk after cancer diagnosis: a nationwide cohort study.

Purpose: Physical activity has the potential to reduce the risk of diabetes after cancer diagnosis. However, current evidence supporting its effects is limited. This study aims to examine the associations between changes in physical activity and subsequent risk of diabetes among cancer survivors.

Real-World Treatment Patterns according to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study.

Backgruound: Recent diabetes management guidelines recommend that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with proven cardiovascular benefits should be prioritized for combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was aimed at evaluating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA usage rates and various related factors in patients with T2DM and established CVD.

Methods: We enrolled adults with T2DM aged ≥30 years who were hospitalized due to established CVD from January 2019 to May 2020 at 13 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Korea in this retrospective observational study.

Comparison of Operational Definition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data from Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: We evaluated the validity and reliability of the operational definition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database.

Methods: Adult subjects (≥40 years old) included in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2017 were merged with those from the NHIS health check-up database, producing a cross-sectional dataset. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and agreement of the NHIS criteria for defining T2DM by comparing them with the KNHANES criteria as a standard reference.

Real-World Prescription Patterns and Barriers Related to the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors among Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: To evaluate prescription trends and clinical factors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) use according to the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heart failure (HF) in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Prescription patterns of SGLT2i use between 2015 and 2019 were determined using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database of claims.

Results: Of all patients with T2DM (n=4,736,493), the annual prescription rate of SGLT2i increased every year in patients with ASCVD (from 2.

The Efficacy of Treatment Intensification by Quadruple Oral Therapy Compared to GLP-1RA Therapy in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-world Data Study.

We compared the glycemic efficacy of treatment intensification between quadruple oral antidiabetic drug therapy and once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)-based triple therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus refractory to triple oral therapy. For 24 weeks, changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline were compared between the two treatment groups. Of all 96 patients, 50 patients were treated with quadruple therapy, and 46 were treated with GLP-1RA therapy.

Glucocorticoid-Induced Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis after Short-Term Use of Tenofovir with Hypophosphatemia: A Case Report.

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) is a neuromuscular disorder associated with muscular dysfunction caused by hypokalemia. There are various causes of HPPs and rarely, HPP appears to be relevant to tenofovir or glucocorticoid treatment. There have been several case reports of tenofovir-related nephrotoxicity or tenofovir-induced HPP.

2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association.

The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) updated the previous clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes and published the seventh edition in May 2021. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of recent clinical trials and evidence that could be applicable in real-world practice and suitable for the Korean population. The guideline is provided for all healthcare providers including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators across the country who manage patients with diabetes or the individuals at the risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

Predictive Performance of Glycated Hemoglobin for Incident Diabetes Compared with Glucose Tolerance Test According to Central Obesity.

Background: To examine whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test would be a suitable screening tool for detecting high-risk subjects for diabetes compared to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to accompanied central obesity.

Methods: In this prospective population-based cohort study, both OGTT and HbA1c tests were performed and continued every 2 years up to 12 years among individuals with non-diabetic state at baseline (aged 40 to 69 years, n=7,512). Incident diabetes was established by a doctor, HbA1c ≥6.

Age at Diagnosis and the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics and risk of diabetic complications according to age at diagnosis among young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: A total of 255 T1DM patients aged less than 40 years were included. Patients were categorized into three groups (<20, 20 to 29, and 30 to 40 years) according to age at diagnosis.

Changes in Serum Electrolytes, ECG, and Baroreflex Sensitivity during Combined Pituitary Stimulation Test.

The mechanisms by which hypoglycemia increases cardiovascular mortality remain unclear. The aim of the study is to investigate changes in serum electrolytes, norepinephrine concentrations, electrocardiography, and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and associations between corrected QT (QTc) intervals and the changes in serum electrolytes during combined pituitary stimulation test (CPST). We recruited the subjects who were admitted to the Gyeongsang National University Hospital to undergo CPST between September 2013 and December 2014.

Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Diabetes and Dysglycemia in Korean General Adult Population.

Background: Insulin resistance is a major pathogenic hallmark of impaired glucose metabolism. We assessed the accuracy of insulin resistance and cut-off values using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to classify type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysglycemia according to age and sex.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 4,291 anti-diabetic drug-naïve adults (≥20 years) from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2015.

Are pregnancy, parity, menstruation and breastfeeding risk factors for thyroid cancer? Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2015.

Context: It is unclear whether reproductive factors such as pregnancy, parity, menstruation, and breastfeeding are risk factors for thyroid cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of reproductive factors with thyroid cancer risk.

Design/setting: Large-scale nation-wide cross-sectional data were analysed from representative samples from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-VI (2010-2015).

Is decreased lung function associated with chronic kidney disease? A retrospective cohort study in Korea.

Objective: There is some evidence that lung function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be related. We evaluated the impact of lung function on the development of CKD in a large-scale longitudinal study.

Method: Retrospective longitudinal analyses were conducted among subjects who participated in comprehensive health check-ups at least four times during 7 years (between 2006 and 2012).

Factors associated with greater benefit of a national reimbursement policy for blood glucose test strips in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Aims/introduction: We aimed to identify factors independently associated with greater benefit of a national reimbursement policy for blood glucose test strips in adult patients with type 1 diabetes, in terms of glycemic control and the rate of severe hypoglycemia.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 466 adult patients with type 1 diabetes from five tertiary referral hospitals who registered for a national reimbursement program for blood glucose strips and were then followed-up for 12 months. Factors associated with a > 5% reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and decreased rate of severe hypoglycemia (SH) at 12 months from baseline were evaluated.

Decline in lung function rather than baseline lung function is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome: A six-year longitudinal study.

This study was conducted to investigate whether baseline lung function or change in lung function is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Koreans. We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 3,768 Koreans aged 40-60 years who underwent medical check-ups over a six-year period between 2006 and 2012. We calculated the percent change in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over the study period.

Serum Calcium and the Risk of Incident Metabolic Syndrome: A 4.3-Year Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: An association between serum calcium level and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested in cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline serum calcium level and risk of incident MetS in a longitudinal study.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of 12,706 participants without MetS who participated in a health screening program, had normal range serum calcium level at baseline (mean age, 51 years), and were followed up for 4.

Serum uric acid: A strong and independent predictor of metabolic syndrome after adjusting for body composition.

Background: Some observational studies have suggested that serum uric acid (SUA) levels are one of the determinants of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, previous studies reported combined results for men and women after adjusting for sex and few studies take body composition into consideration. Therefore, we performed this sex-specific longitudinal study to investigate how baseline SUA levels influence incident MetS, including body composition as an adjusting factor in a large number of subjects.

Recovery of Adrenal Function in Patients with Glucocorticoids Induced Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency.

Background: The chronic use of glucocorticoids (GC) suppresses function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and often results in secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI). The present study aimed to determine the recovery rate of adrenal function in patients with secondary AI within 1 to 2 years and to assess the factors predictive of adrenal function recovery.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study that enrolled patients diagnosed with GC-induced secondary AI between 2007 and 2013.

Efficacy of mitiglinide and sitagliptin, alone or in combination, on postprandial excursion and glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: a post hoc analysis with single-day treatment.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of mitiglinide and sitagliptin, alone or in combination, on postprandial excursion and glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a single-day treatment setting.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a randomized crossover study comparing the efficacy of sitagliptin, mitiglinide and the combination of these two drugs. Twenty-four hour CGM was performed before and after a single-day treatment with each drug alone or in combination.