Ruptured triple hormone-secreting adrenal cortical carcinoma with hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, and elevated normetanephrine: a case report.

We report a case of a ruptured triple hormone-secreting adrenal mass with hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, and elevated normetanephrine levels, diagnosed as adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) by histology. A 53-year-old male patient who initially presented with abdominal pain was referred to our hospital for angiocoagulation of an adrenal mass rupture. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous 19×11×15 cm right adrenal mass with invasion into the right lobe of the liver, inferior vena cava, retrocaval lymph nodes, and aortocaval lymph nodes.

Cumulative exposure to hypertriglyceridemia and risk of type 2 diabetes in young adults.

Aim: This study aimed to examine whether cumulative exposure to hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in young adults.

Methods: The study included 1,840,251 participants aged 20-39 years who had undergonefourconsecutiveannualhealth checkups and had no history of type 2 diabetes. Participants werecategorized into five groups (exposure score 0-4) based on the frequencies of hypertriglyceridemia diagnosis over a four-year period.

Comparison of the association intensity of creatinine and cystatin C with hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Herein, we compared the association intensity of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations using creatinine (Cr) or cystatin C (CysC) with hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism occurrence, which reflect the physiological changes occurring during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. This study included 639 patients treated between January 2019 and February 2022. The patients were divided into low- and high-difference groups based on the median value of the difference between the Cr-based eGFR (eGFR) and CysC-based eGFR (eGFR).

Brain Factor-7® Improves Cognitive Impairment Following Transient Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Gerbil Forebrain through Promoting Remyelination and Restoring Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus.

Background: Ischemia and reperfusion injury in the brain triggers cognitive impairment which are accompanied by neuronal death, loss of myelin sheath and decline in neurotransmission. In this study, we investigated whether therapeutic administration of Brain Factor-7® (BF-7®; a silk peptide) in ischemic gerbils which were developed by transient (five minutes) ischemia and reperfusion in the forebrain (tFI/R) improved cognitive impairment.

Methods: Short-term memory and spatial memory functions were assessed by passive avoidance test and Barnes maze test, respectively.

Astaxanthin Confers a Significant Attenuation of Hippocampal Neuronal Loss Induced by Severe Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils by Reducing Oxidative Stress.

Astaxanthin is a powerful biological antioxidant and is naturally generated in a great variety of living organisms. Some studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of ATX against ischemic brain injury in experimental animals. However, it is still unknown whether astaxanthin displays neuroprotective effects against severe ischemic brain injury induced by longer (severe) transient ischemia in the forebrain.

bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice.

Korean maritime pine bark () has been used as an alternative medicine due to its beneficial properties, including anti‑inflammatory effects. To date, the anti‑inflammatory and hair growth‑promoting effects of bark extract have remained elusive. Therefore, in the present study, bark was extracted with pure water (100˚C) and the extract was examined to determine its polyphenol and flavonoid content.

Extract Is Rich in Polyphenols and Protects Neurons, Astrocytes, and the Blood-Brain Barrier in Gerbil Striatum Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Transient ischemia in brains causes neuronal damage, gliosis, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, which is related to ischemia-induced brain dysfunction. species have various pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we found that phenolic compounds were rich in extract and examined the effects of extract on neuronal damage/death, astrogliosis, and BBB breakdown in the striatum, which is related to motor behavior, following 15-min transient ischemia in the forebrain in gerbils.

Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bark Extract in Gerbil Hippocampus Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia.

Korean red pine () belongs to the Genus and its bark contains a great amount of naturally occurring phenolic compounds. Until now, few studies have been conducted to assess the neuroprotective effects of bark extract against brain ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of pre-treatment with the extract in the hippocampus following 5-min transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils.

Neuroprotective Effects of Salicin in a Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway.

Salicin is a major natural compound of willow bark and displays diverse beneficial biological properties, such as antioxidant activity. However, little information available for the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemic brain injury has been reported. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury and its mechanisms in the hippocampus using a gerbil model of 5-min transient ischemia (TI) in the forebrain, in which a massive loss (death) of pyramidal neurons cells occurred in the subfield Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) among the hippocampal subregions (CA1-3) at 5 days after TI.

Ischemia-Reperfusion under Hyperthermia Increases Heme Oxygenase-1 in Pyramidal Neurons and Astrocytes with Accelerating Neuronal Loss in Gerbil Hippocampus.

It has been studied that the damage or death of neurons in the hippocampus is different according to hippocampal subregions, cornu ammonis 1-3 (CA1-3), after transient ischemia in the forebrain, showing that pyramidal neurons located in the subfield CA1 (CA1) are most vulnerable to this ischemia. Hyperthermia is a proven risk factor for brain ischemia and can develop more severe and extensive brain damage related with mortality rate. It is well known that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity and expression is increased by various stimuli in the brain, including hyperthermia.

Therapeutic Effects of Decursin and Nakai Root Extract in Gerbil Brain after Transient Ischemia via Protecting BBB Leakage and Astrocyte Endfeet Damage.

Nakai root contains decursin which exerts beneficial properties such as anti-amnesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Until now, however, the neuroprotective effects of decursin against transient ischemic injury in the forebrain have been insufficiently investigated. Here, we revealed that post-treatment with decursin and the root extract saved pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus following transient ischemia for 5 min in gerbil forebrain.

Experimental pretreatment with YES-10, a plant extract rich in scutellarin and chlorogenic acid, protects hippocampal neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury via antioxidant role.

(L.) PERS (EALP) and RUPR. (CMR) have been used in traditional remedies due to their medicinal effects.

Topical Application of Extract Rich in Chlorogenic Acid and Rutin Reduces UVB-Induced Skin Damage via Attenuating Collagen Disruption in Mice.

, a black chokeberry, contains high levels of phenolic acids and polyphenolic flavonoids and displays antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Through high-performance liquid chromatography for extracts from , we discovered that the extract contained chlorogenic acid and rutin as major ingredients. In this study, we examined the protective effects of the extract against ultraviolet B- (UVB)-induced photodamage in the dorsal skin of institute of cancer research (ICR) mice.

Effects of 6 Months of Dapagliflozin Treatment on Metabolic Profile and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction for Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease, but the effect of these inhibitors on early cardiovascular disease remains unknown. This study evaluated the effect of dapagliflozin on the metabolic profiles and endothelial cell function in obese patients with T2DM without established cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We enrolled 140 patients with a mean age, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of 47 years, 83 kg, and 30.

Serum Transferrin Predicts New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Koreans: A 4-Year Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: It is well known that high serum ferritin, a marker of iron storage, predicts incident type 2 diabetes. Limited information is available on the association between transferrin, another marker of iron metabolism, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, we investigated the association between transferrin and incident type 2 diabetes.

Pycnogenol Supplementation Attenuates Memory Deficits and Protects Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons via Antioxidative Role in a Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia.

Pycnogenol (an extract of the bark of French maritime pine tree) is used for dietary supplement and known to have excellent antioxidative efficacy. However, there are few reports on neuroprotective effect of Pycnogenol supplementation and its mechanisms against ischemic injury following transient forebrain ischemia (TFI) in gerbils. Now, we examined neuroprotective effect and its mechanisms of Pycnogenol in the gerbils with 5-min TFI, which evokes a significant death (loss) of pyramidal cells located in the cornu ammonis (CA1) region of gerbil hippocampus from 4-5 days post-TFI.

YES-10, A Combination of Extracts from RUPR. and (L.) PERS., Prevents Ischemic Brain Injury in A Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia.

RUPR. (CMR) and (L.) PERS.

Stronger antioxidant enzyme immunoreactivity of extract than ascorbic acid in rat liver and kidney.

Objectives: species have various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity. In this study, the effects of extract (PTE) on histopathology and antioxidant enzymes in the rat liver and kidney were examined.

Materials And Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups; (1) normal diet fed group, (2) ascorbic acid-containing diet-fed group as a positive control, (3) PTE-containing diet-fed group.

Pretreatment of Populus tomentiglandulosa protects hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils via increasing SODs expressions and maintaining BDNF and IGF-I expressions.

To examine the effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT) extract on the expressions of antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus at 5 min after inducing transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in gerbils, TGCI was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 5 min. Before ischemic surgery, 200 mg·kg PT extract was orally administrated once daily for 7 d. We performed neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B staining.

Pretreated extract increases anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates gliosis, and protects hippocampal neurons following transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils.

Recently, we have reported that Oenanthe javanica extract (OJE) displays strong neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage after transient global cerebral ischemia. However, neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE have not been fully identified. Thus, this study investigated the neuroprotection of OJE in the hippocampal CA1 area and its anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia.

Extract Protects Mouse Skin from UVB Radiation via Attenuating Collagen Disruption and Inflammation.

In recent years, the use of botanical agents to prevent skin damage from solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has received considerable attention. is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study investigated photoprotective properties of an extract (OJE) against UVB-induced skin damage in ICR mice.

Antioxidant Properties of Fucoidan Alleviate Acceleration and Exacerbation of Hippocampal Neuronal Death Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Gerbils.

Fucoidan, a natural sulfated polysaccharide, displays various biological activities including antioxidant properties. We examined the neuroprotective effect of fucoidan against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese gerbils and its related mechanisms. Gerbils received HFD for 12 weeks and fucoidan (50 mg/kg) daily for the last 5 days during HFD exposure, and they were subjected to 5-min tGCI.

Pretreated fucoidan confers neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemic injury in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area via reducing of glial cell activation and oxidative stress.

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae and possesses various beneficial activities, including antioxidant property. Previous studies have shown that fucoidan displays protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in some organs. However, few studies have been reported regarding the protective effect of fucoidan against transient cerebral ischemic insults and its related mechanisms.

Intermittent fasting increases SOD2 and catalase immunoreactivities in the hippocampus but does not protect from neuronal death following transient ischemia in gerbils.

Intermittent fasting has been shown to have neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemic insults. However, the effects of intermittent fasting on transient global ischemic insult has not been studied much yet. The present study examined effects of intermittent fasting on endogenous antioxidant enzyme expression levels in the hippocampus and investigated whether the fasting protects neurons 5 days after 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia.