The genetic structure and demographic history of , endemic to Korean limestone karst forests, based on genome-wide SNP markers.

Similar to the global phenomenon, many plant species endemic to Korean limestone karst forests are at risk of extinction due to human intervention. is a familiar shrub, called "Hardy abelia" and "Fragrant abelia" growing in the karst forests of Korea, where it is one of the most threatened species. We investigated the genetic structure and demographic history of , which allow us to develop appropriate conservation and management strategies.

The first complete chloroplast genome sequence from Violaceae (Viola seoulensis).

The complete chloroplast genome of Viola seoulensis, an endemic species to Korea, was determined in this study. The total genome size was 156 507 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26 404 bp, which were separated by large single copy (LSC) and small single copy (SSC) of 85 691 and 18 008 bp, respectively. The overall GC contents of the plastid genome were 36.

The complete plastid genome sequence of Picea jezoensis (Pinaceae: Piceoideae).

The nucleotide sequence of the complete chloroplast genome of P. jezoensis was completed. The total genome size was 124 146 bp, containing a pair of very short inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 422 bp, which were separated by large single copy (LSC) and small single copy (SSC) with 66 956 bp and 56 346 bp, respectively.

The complete plastid genome sequence of Abies koreana (Pinaceae: Abietoideae).

The nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome from Abies koreana is the first to have complete genome sequence from genus Abies of family Pinaceae. The circular double-stranded DNA, which consists of 121,373 base pairs (bp), contains a pair of very short inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 264 bp each, which are separated by a small and large single-copy regions (SSC and LSC) of 54,197 and 66,648 bp, respectively. The genome contents of 114 genes (68 peptide-encoding genes, 35 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes, six open reading frames and one pseudogene) are similar to the chloroplast DNA of other species of Abietoideae.