Sources of airborne particulate matter-bound metals and spatial-seasonal variability of health risk potentials in four large cities, South Korea.

Fifteen airborne particulate matter-bound metals were analyzed at 14 sites in four large cities (Seoul, Incheon, Busan, Daegu) in South Korea, between August 2013 and June 2017. Among the seven sources resolved by positive matrix factorization, soil dust and marine aerosol accounted for the largest and second largest portions in the three cities; however, in Seoul, soil dust and traffic occupied the largest and the second largest, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk assessed by inhalation of eight metals (Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, As, Al, Mn, and V) was greater than the hazard index (HI) of 1 at four sites located at or near the industrial complexes.

Emission of greenhouse gases from waste incineration in Korea.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors previously reported from various waste incineration plants have shown significant variations according to country-specific, plant-specific, and operational conditions. The purpose of this study is to estimate GHG emissions and emission factors at nine incineration facilities in Korea by measuring the GHG concentrations in the flue gas samples. The selected incineration plants had different operation systems (i.

Source apportionment of PM₂.₅ at the coastal area in Korea.

In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of fine particulate matter 2.5 μm or less (PM) collected at Incheon, the coastal area in Seoul, Korea every third day from June 2009 to May 2010. Based on the analyzed chemical species in the PM samples, the sources of PM were identified using a positive matrix factorization (PMF).

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter inside the refectory of Santa Maria Delle Grazie Church, home of Leonardo Da Vinci's "Last Supper".

The association between exposure to indoor particulate matter (PM) and damage to cultural assets has been of primary relevance to museum conservators. PM-induced damage to the "Last Supper" painting, one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous artworks, has been a major concern, given the location of this masterpiece inside a refectory in the city center of Milan, one of Europe's most polluted cities. To assess this risk, a one-year sampling campaign was conducted at indoor and outdoor sites of the painting's location, where time-integrated fine and coarse PM (PM(2.

Apportioning and locating nonmethane hydrocarbon sources to a background site in Korea.

Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) measured between April 2004 and March 2005 at a background monitoring site on Sukmo Island, Korea were analyzed to identify and apportion NMHC sources. A total of 7694 samples and 35 NMHC species were analyzed. Positive matrix factorization (PMF), applied to identify and apportion the sources of NMHCs, resolved six sources: two fuel evaporative sources (36.