Hemi-Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Using Transphyseal Screws at Lateral Proximal Tibias After Epiphyseal Fusion of Distal Phalanges in the Hand Results in Undercorrection of Genu Varum.

: To investigate postoperative courses after hemi-percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS) for genu varum. We especially focused on the degree of skeletal maturation that results in undercorrection. : We identified patients with idiopathic genu varum treated with hemi-PETS at the proximal tibia and followed-up to the completion of skeletal maturation.

Factors Affecting Postoperative Courses After Removal of Transphyseal Screws Inserted for Correction of Genu Valgum.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate factors determining the final outcomes of hemipercutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screw (PETS) for the genu valgum, especially focusing on postoperative courses after screw removal.

Methods: Fifty-five patients with idiopathic genu valgum treated with hemi-PETS were included. The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured to calculate the degree of correction and rebound.

Comparative Spatial Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Analyses of Human Nail Units and Hair Follicles Show Transcriptional Similarities between the Onychodermis and Follicular Dermal Papilla.

The nail unit and hair follicle are both hard keratin-producing organs that share various biological features. In this study, we used digital spatial profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing to define a spatially resolved expression profile of the human nail unit and hair follicle. Our approach showed the presence of a nail-specific mesenchymal population called onychofibroblasts within the onychodermis.

Factors Affecting Rebound Phenomenon After Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis and Implant Removal for Idiopathic Genu Valgum in Adolescent Patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate factors determining postoperative courses, especially focusing on the rebound phenomenon, in adolescent patients with idiopathic genu valgum who underwent temporary hemiepiphysiodesis and implant removal.

Methods: We identified and reviewed patients with idiopathic genu valgum treated with temporary hemiepiphysiodesis [using tension-band plates (plate group, PG) or transphyseal screws (screw group, SG)] and followed-up to skeletal maturity.

Results: In our cohort [68 patients and their 68 limbs (randomly selected in bilateral cases)], the mean hip-knee-ankle alignment was -5.

Predictors of ideal outcomes after reconstructive surgery for chronic Monteggia fracture in children.

Background: We aimed to analyze surgical outcomes of reconstructive surgery for chronic Monteggia fracture, which is one of the most challenging problems for orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients were followed during 55.6 ± 32.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of human nail unit defines RSPO4 onychofibroblasts and SPINK6 nail epithelium.

Research on human nail tissue has been limited by the restricted access to fresh specimen. Here, we studied transcriptome profiles of human nail units using polydactyly specimens. Single-cell RNAseq with 11,541 cells from 4 extra digits revealed nail-specific mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations, characterized by RSPO4 (major gene in congenital anonychia) and SPINK6, respectively.

Characterization of the Onychomatricodermis Containing Onychofibroblasts of the Nail Unit : Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and Electron Microscopic Study.

Background: We recently discovered the presence of specialized nail mesenchyme below the nail matrix and designated it as onychomatricodermis.

Objective: We did further research to characterize the histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of the onychomatricodermis containing onychofibroblasts in the nail unit.

Methods: Ten polydactyly nail unit specimens and 8 nail matrix biopsies were included.

Surgical Outcomes and Predictive Factors of Medial Toe Excision for Polysyndactyly of the Fifth Toe.

Background: We aimed to report surgical outcomes and analyze prognostic factors of medial toe excision for polysyndactyly of the fifth toe.

Methods: We reviewed the details of 139 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for postaxial polydactyly of the foot from 2009 to 2018. Among these, 83 patients (90 feet) with polysyndactyly of the fifth toe, treated by medial toe excision (between the duplicated toes) and reconstruction of the fourth web space using a dorsal rectangular flap, were included.

Difficulties During Ponseti Casting for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot.

The Ponseti method has resulted in excellent outcomes in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. To evaluate the process of serial casting, most studies previously used the number of casts required to achieve correction. In contrast, difficulties that occurred during serial casting were rarely studied.

Secondary Cervicothoracic Scoliosis in Congenital Muscular Torticollis.

Background: Although secondary cervicothoracic scoliosis frequently occurs in patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), the relationship between scoliosis and CMT has not been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of surgical release of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle on secondary cervicothoracic scoliosis in patients with CMT and determine factors affecting the improvement of scoliosis after surgical release of SCM muscle.

Methods: Eighty-seven of the 106 patients, confirmed as having secondary cervicothoracic scoliosis with CMT with a minimum 1-year follow-up, were included in this study.

Surgical Results of Limb Lengthening at the Femur, Tibia, and Humerus in Patients with Achondroplasia.

Background: Results of limb lengthening in patients with achondroplasia were previously reported in many studies. However, the reports of comparison among the three long bones (femur, tibia, and humerus) are rare, especially for the results of crossed lengthening (lengthening of one femur and contralateral tibia followed by that of the opposite side) for the lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to report the surgical results of a series of limb lengthening in achondroplastic or hypochondroplasia patients at our institution.

The concept of nail matrix onychodermis (onychomatricodermis) in the nail unit: Histology and elastin immunohistochemistry.

Backgrounds: We previously demonstrated the presence of onychodermis below nail matrix and nail bed. Because nail matrix is a producer of nail plate, we hypothesized that onychodermis below nail matrix could be the nail counterpart of follicular dermal papilla. In this study, we sought to further characterize histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features of nail matrix onychodermis.

Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of Atypical Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.

Background: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFEs) can be idiopathic or atypical (associated with renal failure, radiation therapy, and endocrine disorders). It is important to estimate the likelihood that atypical SCFE shows different clinical and radiographic characteristics and complications with typical SCFEs.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients (66 hips) with SCFEs managed between 1995 and 2016.

Complications of distraction osteogenesis in brachymetatarsia: Comparison between the first and fourth brachymetatarsia.

BackgroundRecently, distraction osteogenesis has been widely used to treat brachymetatarsia. However, few papers have compared complications associated with this treatment. The purpose of the present study was to compare the complications between the first and fourth brachymetatarsia treated by distraction osteogenesis.

CD13 is a marker for onychofibroblasts within nail matrix onychodermis: Comparison of its expression patterns in the nail unit and in the hair follicle.

Background: We previously demonstrated the presence of onychodermis, a specialized mesenchymal cell population beneath the nail matrix and proximal nail bed demonstrating CD10 expression. We hypothesize that the onychodermis could be the nail analog of the follicular dermal papilla, which is known to express CD13. We compare CD13 expression patterns between specialized mesenchymes of nail and hair, and compare these findings with CD10 expression patterns.

Recurrence of a Unicameral Bone Cyst in the Femoral Diaphysis.

Diaphyseal unicameral bone cysts of the long bone are generally known to originate near the growth plate and migrate from the metaphysis to the diaphysis during skeletal growth. In the case of unicameral bone cysts of diaphyseal origin, recurrence at the same location is extremely rare. We report a case of recurrence of a unicameral bone cyst in the diaphysis of the femur that developed 8 years after treatment with curettage and bone grafting.

BGN Mutations in X-Linked Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia.

Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive disorders. An apparent X-linked recessive (XLR) form of SEMD in a single Italian family was previously reported. We have been able to restudy this family together with a second family from Korea by segregating a severe SEMD in an X-linked pattern.

The Efficacy of Percutaneous Lateral Hemiepiphysiodesis on Angular Correction in Idiopathic Adolescent Genu Varum.

Background: Percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis of the lower extremity is a simple and excellent method to correct the angular and length problems cosmetically. However, the efficacy of percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis is not well established in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis for angular corrections in adolescent idiopathic genu varum patients with proximal tibia vara and identify the factors affecting the amount of deformity correction of the lower limb in the coronal plane.

Outcomes of Combined Shelf Acetabuloplasty with Femoral Varus Osteotomy in Severe Legg-Calve-Perthes (LCP) Disease: Advanced Containment Method for Severe LCP Disease.

Background: Standard treatments may provide adequate containment in mild to moderate Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), but they can be problematic in more severe cases. The purpose of this study was to report the results of combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy in severe LCPD.

Methods: We reviewed 12 patients who had undergone combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy.

Prognostic factors of septic arthritis of hip in infants and neonates: minimum 5-year follow-up.

Background: The authors conducted the present study to identify clinical and radiological prognostic factors in infants and neonates with septic arthritis of the hip.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 31 patients with septic arthritis of the hip. All of the patients were younger than 18 months old.

Surgical treatment of congenital hallux varus.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report outcomes of congenital hallux varus deformity after surgical treatment.

Methods: We evaluated ten feet of eight patients with a congenital hallux varus deformity, including four feet combined with a longitudinal epiphyseal bracket (LEB). There were seven male patients and one female patient with a mean age of 33 months (range, 7 to 103 months) at the time of surgery.

Comparison of orthopaedic manifestations of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia caused by MATN3 versus COMP mutations: a case control study.

Background: Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a relatively common skeletal dysplasia mainly involving the epiphyses of the long bones. However, it is a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases sharing certain aspects of the radiologic phenotype. In surveys conducted in East Asia, MATN3 was the most common causative gene, followed by COMP.

Is sternocleidomastoid muscle release effective in adults with neglected congenital muscular torticollis?

Background: Neglected congenital muscular torticollis is rare in adults but may be associated with pain and cosmetic problems. The efficacy of surgical correction in these patients has not been well established in the literature.

Questions/purposes: We sought to describe (1) the primary goals that influenced adults with neglected muscular torticollis to seek surgical correction, (2) improvements of patients' function (specifically ROM) and radiographic parameters associated with deformities, (3) patient-derived outcomes using a previously published scale that includes function, and cosmesis, and (4) complications associated with sternocleidomastoid release in one surgeon's series of patients.