Sustainability of exercise-induced benefits on circulating MicroRNAs and physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial with follow up.

Background: Circulating miRNAs (c-miR) have been shown to be potential biomarkers in sarcopenia, but the miRNAs response to aerobic exercise in older people remains inconclusive. We sought to examine the exercise benefits on physical fitness and miRNAs, and to explore the mediating effect of miRNAs on training-induced fitness changes.

Methods: This controlled trial recruited 58 community-dwelling older adults and randomized them into exercise group (EX) and control group (CON).

Interval aerobic/resistance exercise training depresses adrenergic-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes in sedentary males.

Purpose: Adrenergic stimulation affects lymphocyte autophagy and apoptosis by activating β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK-2) downstream signaling. This study investigated how combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on the interval or continuous pattern influences aerobic/muscular fitness and β1-AR/GRK-2 signaling, and corresponding apoptosis/autophagy of lymphocytes in sedentary males.

Methods: Thirty-four sedentary males were randomized into interval training (IT, age = 22.

Trajectories of social support are associated with health outcomes and depressive symptoms among older Taiwanese adults with diabetes following hip-fracture surgery.

Objective: This study examined trajectories of social support and their relationships with health outcomes over 2 years post hip-fracture surgery for older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data derived from a clinical trial, which included 158 hip fractured older adults with DM who had completed the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey at 1-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months following hospital discharge. Health outcomes for self-care, physical and nutritional status, mental health, and depression were assessed at 3-month intervals up to 24-months after hospital discharge.

The Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD. However, how exercise modifies mitochondrial functionality is inconclusive.

Role of helmet ventilation during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization; it has affected millions of people and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may develop acute hypoxia respiratory failure and require noninvasive respiratory support or invasive respiratory management. Healthcare workers have a high risk of contracting COVID-19 while fitting respiratory devices.

A pilot crossover trial assessing the exercise performance patients chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Noninvasive ventilation improves exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the effect of helmet ventilation (HV) on the short-term self-paced exercise performance of patients with COPD remains unclear. This study investigated the use of HV during a 6 min walk test (6MWT) and analyzed its short-term cardiopulmonary outcomes in patients with stable COPD.

Supervised Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Rheology in Individuals With Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in insufficient flow to lower extremities. Aerobic exercise provides health benefits for individuals with PAD, but basic science behind it is still debated. Twenty-one PAD patients aged about 70 years with female/male as 7/14 were recruited.

Different Involvement of Band 3 in Red Cell Deformability and Osmotic Fragility-A Comparative GP.Mur Erythrocyte Study.

GP.Mur is a clinically important red blood cell (RBC) phenotype in Southeast Asia. The molecular entity of GP.

Effects of high-flow nasal cannula with oxygen on self-paced exercise performance in COPD: A randomized cross-over trial.

Introduction: Studies have demonstrated that noninvasive ventilation improves exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The role of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with COPD on self-paced exercise performance remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether HFNC-aided supplemental oxygen during a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) would change self-paced exercise performance and cardiopulmonary outcomes in patients with stable COPD.

Exercise Training Improves Mitochondrial Bioenergetics of Natural Killer Cells.

Introduction: Mitochondrial bioenergetics is critical for immune function in natural killer (NK) cell. Physical exercise modulates NK cell functionality, depending on the intensity and type of exercise. This study elucidates how interval and continuous exercise regimens affect the phenotypes and mitochondrial bioenergetics of NK cells.

The validation of oxygen uptake efficiency slope in patients with stroke.

To evaluate the real aerobic capacity is difficult due to impaired limbs function in stroke patients. Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) could represent the aerobic capacity in submaximal exercise test. Hence, we designed this observational study to investigate the application of the OUES for evaluating aerobic capacity in these patients.

Low-Frequency Vibration Facilitates Post-Exercise Cardiovascular Autonomic Recovery.

It is important to use short breaks to accelerate post-exercise recovery in sports. Previous studies have revealed that vibration can reduce post-exercise muscle soreness. However, there is still high heterogeneity in the effects of vibration on cardiovascular autonomic activities, and most studies to date have focused on high-frequency vibration.

A randomized controlled trial of enhancing hypoxia-mediated right cardiac mechanics and reducing afterload after high intensity interval training in sedentary men.

Hypoxic exposure increases right ventricular (RV) afterload by triggering pulmonary hypertension, with consequent effects on the structure and function of the RV. Improved myocardial contractility is a critical circulatory adaptation to exercise training. However, the types of exercise that enhance right cardiac mechanics during hypoxic stress have not yet been identified.

Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis.

The antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes protects individuals against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Despite improved hemodynamic efficiency, the effect of eccentric cycling training (ECT) on erythrocyte antioxidative capacity remains unclear. This study investigates how ECT affects erythrocyte antioxidative capacity and metabolism in sedentary males.

Circulating MicroRNA-486 and MicroRNA-146a serve as potential biomarkers of sarcopenia in the older adults.

Background: Age-related sarcopenia meaningfully increases the risks of functional limitations and mortality in the older adults. Although circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are associated with aging-related cellular senescence and inflammation, the relationships between c-miRNAs and sarcopenia in the older adults remain unclear. This study investigates whether circulating myo-miRNAs and inflammation-related miRNAs are associated with sarcopenia in the older adults.

Cycling Exercise Training Enhances Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exercise training influences the risk of vascular thrombosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Mitochondrial functionalities in platelets involve the cellular bioenergetics and thrombogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of cycling exercise training (CET) on platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics in PAD patients.

Weight control in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a qualitative study.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects mostly older adults and its primary risk factor is obesity. This study sought to understand weight-control strategies, facilitators of and barriers toward weight control in older adults with knee OA who preferred not to undergo physician-recommended total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: For this qualitative descriptive study, older outpatients (N = 118) were recruited from orthopedic clinics at three hospitals.

Application of stepper in cardiopulmonary exercise test for patients with hemiplegia.

A method to perform exercise testing for patients with hemiplegia is unavailable though over half of them have cardio-pulmonary disorders. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of using a stepper in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in this population.14 stroke patients with hemiplegia who failed to ride the stationary bike were included.

Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor with high-intensity interval training in stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physiological adaptations of stroke patients after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) remain unclear.

Objective: This study determined the HIIT and MICT effects on aerobic capacity, cerebral oxygenation, peak cardiac output (CO), and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in stroke patients.

Methods: We included 23 stroke patients with age about 55 years and stroke duration>24 months; participants completed 36 sessions of exercise training for 30min; 13 were randomly assigned to perform MICT at 60% of peak oxygen consumption (VO) and 10 to perform HIIT at alternating 80% (3min) and 40% (3min) VO.

High-intensity interval training recuperates capacity of endogenous thrombin generation in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction.

Objective: Consumptive coagulopathy is associated with increased mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Physical activity influences the risk of major vascular thrombotic events. This study investigates how high-intensity interval training (HIIT) affects the capacity of endogenous thrombin generation (TG) by modulating circulatory procoagulant microparticles (MPs) in HF patients.