Cathodic bacterial community structure applying the different co-substrates for reductive decolorization of Alizarin Yellow R.

Selective enrichment of cathodic bacterial community was investigated during reductive decolorization of AYR fedding with glucose or acetate as co-substrates in biocathode. A clear distinction of phylotype structures were observed between glucose-fed and acetate-fed biocathodes. In glucose-fed biocathode, Citrobacter (29.

A horizontal plug-flow baffled bioelectrocatalyzed reactor for the reductive decolorization of Alizarin Yellow R.

An application-oriented membrane-free, continuous plug-flow baffled bioelectrocatalyzed reactor (PFB-BER), was designed and testified for the decolorization of Alizarin Yellow R. Decolorization efficiency (DE) with an external power source of 0.5 V was higher than without electrolysis, i.

Significant enhancement in the thermoelectric performance of a bismuth telluride nanocompound through brief fabrication procedures.

A binary BiTe nanocompound for thermoelectric applications was prepared via a water-based chemical reaction under atmospheric conditions. We attempted to increase the carrier mobility of the nanocompound by adopting a post-thermal treatment consisting of calcination and reduction at different temperatures. We also tried to control the carrier density of the compound by adjusting the stoichiometry of the atomic constituents.

Molecular NO(2) induced K(2)Ti(2)O(5)-K(2)Ti(6)O(13) structure switching in the dry gas phase: lattice potassium reactivity.

A very interesting structure switching phenomenon between K(2)Ti(2)O(5) and K(2)Ti(6)O(13) caused by gas phase molecular NO(2) adsorption and desorption at 500-600 degrees C is revealed, during which NO(2) is adsorbed on the lattice K(+) ion sites to form KNO(3) and the loss of K causes the remainder to regroup into nano-sized K(2)Ti(6)O(13), with a lower K/Ti value.

Simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification of aniline wastewater by using anaerobic-aerobic biofilm system with recirculation.

Wastewater containing highly concentrated nitrogenous and aromatic compounds, such as aniline, is difficult to degrade and very toxic to microorganisms, especially to nitrifier. In order to remove both carbon and nitrogen from aniline wastewater, recently two biofilm reactors equipped with anaerobic-aerobic cycle and internal recirculation have demonstrated some potential in treating the wastewater. In such system, ammonification, methanogenesis and denitrification reactions occurred simultaneously in one anaerobic reactor, followed by COD removal and nitrification in the aerobic reactor.

Simultaneous removal of COD and ammonium from landfill leachate using an anaerobic-aerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor system.

The performance of a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system with an anaerobic-aerobic arrangement was investigated to treat landfill leachate for simultaneous removal of COD and ammonium. It was found that the anaerobic MBBR played a major role in COD removal due to methanogenesis, and the aerobic MBBR acted as COD-polishing and ammonium removal step. The contribution of the anaerobic MBBR to total COD removal efficiency reached 91% at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.

[Treatment of landfill leachate using sequential anaerobic/aerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor].

A sequential anaerobic-aerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was employed to treat landfill leachate produced from disposal of municipal solid waste. The affecting operation conditions were investigated, and the affecting mechanism was also analyzed. The results showed that the HRT and organic loading rate (OLR) could greatly influence the treat efficiency.

Treatment of pesticide wastewater by moving-bed biofilm reactor combined with Fenton-coagulation pretreatment.

In order to treat pesticide wastewater having high chemical oxygen demand (COD) value and poor biodegradability, Fenton-coagulation process was first used to reduce COD and improve biodegradability and then was followed by biological treatment. Optimal experimental conditions for the Fenton process were determined to be Fe(2+) concentration of 40 mmol/L and H(2)O(2) dose of 97 mmol/L at initial pH 3. The interaction mechanism of organophosphorous pesticide and hydroxyl radicals was suggested to be the breakage of the P=S double bond and formation of sulfate ions and various organic intermediates, followed by formation of phosphate and consequent oxidation of intermediates.

Kinetics study on photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation.

An investigation on the process of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide (PAM) in aqueous solution. Effects of operating parameters, including initial PAM concentration, dosages of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, UV radiation and pH value on the photochemical oxidation of PAM, have been studied. There was an increase in photochemical oxidation rate of PAM with increasing of dosages of O3, H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation.

Photocatalytic degradation of toluene using a novel flow reactor with Fe-doped TiO2 catalyst on porous nickel sheets.

A novel continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor was designed to decompose toluene by using porous nickel sheets that were coated with a Fe-doped TiO2 catalyst. While locating the UV lamp at the central axis, the catalyst sheets were located along the inner wall and positioned vertically with an equal space of 50 mm along the reactor. This geometry ensures better use of UV light, and a zigzag flow pattern of gas between the vertically located sheets provides for better mass transfer.

Long-term operation of a biofilter for simultaneous removal of H2S and NH3.

Simultaneous removal of NH3 and H2S was investigated using two types of biofilters--one packed with wood chips and the other with granular activated carbon (GAC). Experimental tests and measurements included analyses of removal efficiency (RE), metabolic products, and results of long-term operation (around 240 days). The REs for NH3 and H2S were 92 and 99.

Simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate and toluene in air streams using compost-based biofilters.

Biofitration was successfully applied to treat air streams containing a mixture of ethyl acetate and toluene. The experiment was performed by two identical bench-scale biofilters, which were acclimated by ethyl acetate and toluene, respectively. During a 3 month steady-state performance, the two biofilters showed equivalent elimination capacity (EC) for toluene (50 g/m(3) bed/h of pure toluene).

Removal of sulfur fumes by metal sulfide sorbents.

Removal of sulfur by a transition metal is studied at temperatures of 300-350 degrees C. Among various metal sulfides tested, only metal sulfides of iron, cobalt, and nickel can remove sulfur fumes as they are transformed into disulfides in the presence of sulfur vapor. The disulfide form can be regenerated into FeS, Co9S8, and Ni3S2, respectively, using hydrogen gas at 350-400 degrees C.