The Preparation, Functional Properties, and Application of Food-Derived Antioxidants and Anti-Inflammatory Agents.

This Special Issue of titled, "The Preparation, Functional Properties, and Application of Food-Derived Antioxidants and Anti-inflammatory Agents," has unveiled a fascinating panorama of the multifaceted ways food can contribute to our well-being [...

Oral Administration of Leaf Extract Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in 5xFAD Transgenic Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is frequently characterized by progressive and irreversible impairment of cognitive functions. However, its etiology remains poorly understood, limiting therapeutic interventions. Our previous study showed that the ethanol extract of leaves (EA) positively affected scopolamine-induced hypomnesia in the normal mouse model by promoting nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation.

Long-Term Administration of Venom Ameliorates Alzheimer's Phenotypes in 5xFAD Transgenic Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by progressive and irreversible impairment of cognitive functions. However, its etiology is poorly understood, and therapeutic interventions are limited. Our preliminary study revealed that wasp venom (WV) from can prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signaling, which is strongly implicated in AD pathogenesis.

Luteolin Synergistically Enhances Antitumor Activity of Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Carcinoma via AMPK Inhibition.

Luteolin is a naturally-occurring polyphenolic compound that is known to have antioxidative and antitumor activities in vitro. This study aimed to examine the in vivo anticancer efficacy of luteolin in conjunction with oxaliplatin treatment using a colorectal carcinoma xenograft mouse model. HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells were subcutaneously implanted into BALB/c nude mice, followed by the intraperitoneal administration of luteolin at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day with or without oxaliplatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW/day three times per week for a total of 3 weeks.

Anti-neuroinflammatory activity of 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy phenanthrene isolated from Dioscorea batatas Decne partly through suppressing the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in BV2 microglial cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The rhizome of Dioscorea batatas Decne (called Chinses yam) widely distributed in East Asian countries including China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan has long been used in oriental folk medicine owing to its tonic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-ulcerative effects. It has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, cholesterol-lowering, anticholinesterase, growth hormone-releasing, antifungal and immune cell-stimulating activities.

Aim Of The Study: Neuroinflammation caused by activated microglia contributes to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

Dietary supplementation with improves learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced amnesia mouse model.

Unlabelled: (CL) is a species of white rot fungi. In this study, we have examined the beneficial effect of CL on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. A freeze-dried CL mycelial culture broth was dissolved and orally administered to scopolamine-treated C57BL/6J mice followed by behavioral tests using the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tasks.

Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6-12 (51.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Wasp Venom in BV-2 Microglial Cells in Comparison with Bee Venom.

The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of wasp venom (WV) from the yellow-legged hornet () with that of bee venom (BV) on BV-2 murine microglial cells. WV was collected from the venom sac, freeze-dried, and used for examinations. WV and BV were non-toxic to BV-2 cells at concentrations of 160 and 12 µg/mL or lower, respectively.

Fermented Soy Products: Beneficial Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Fermented soybean products, such as (Japanese ), (soy paste), (soy sauce), and , are widely consumed in East Asian countries and are major sources of bioactive compounds. The fermentation of cooked soybean with bacteria ( spp.) and fungi ( spp.

Oral administration of hydrolyzed red ginseng extract improves learning and memory capability of scopolamine-treated C57BL/6J mice via upregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanism.

Background: Korean ginseng ( Meyer) contains a variety of ginsenosides that can be metabolized to a biologically active substance, compound K. Previous research showed that compound K could be enriched in the red ginseng extract (RGE) after hydrolysis by pectinase. The current study investigated whether the enzymatically hydrolyzed red ginseng extract (HRGE) containing a notable level of compound K has cognitive improving and neuroprotective effects.

In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Potential of Viscozyme-Treated Jujube Fruit.

The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba, commonly called jujube, has long been consumed for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of dietary supplementation of enzymatically hydrolyzed jujube against lung inflammation in mice. The macerated flesh of jujube was extracted with aqueous ethanol before and after Viscozyme treatment.

Inhibitory Effect of Steamed Soybean Wastewater Against DSS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Mice.

This study was performed to examine the beneficial potential of steamed soybean wastewater (SSW), which is generated during the manufacture of fermented soybean products and usually discarded as a by-product. The SSW was found to contain considerable amounts of isoflavones and had concentration-dependent radical scavenging capabilities. Moreover, oral administration of SSW effectively prevented colonic damage induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), based on improvement of morphological and histological features, reduction of oxidative stress indicators, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production, downregulation of inflammatory marker expression in the colonic tissue, and inhibition of the inflammatory activation of macrophages.

Neuroprotective Effects of Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice.

is considered to elicit various beneficial effects against cancer, hyperglycemia, menstrual discomfort, diabetic complications, and detoxification. The young leaves of this plant are exploited as food and also utilized for traditional medicine in East Asian countries, including Korea and China. Our preliminary study demonstrated that ethanolic extract from the leaf (EAE) exhibited the strongest antioxidant enzyme-inducing activity among more than 100 kinds of edible tree leaf extracts.

Potential health benefits of phenolic compounds in grape processing by-products.

Prevention emerges as a powerful approach in minimizing the risk of deleterious lifestyle diseases because therapies do not necessarily guarantee a permanent cure. Accordingly, consumers' growing preference for natural and health-promoting dietary options that are rich in antioxidants has become widespread. Grape () is an antioxidant-rich fruit extensively grown for fresh or processed consumption.

Carbon Monoxide Partially Mediates Protective Effect of Resveratrol Against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes.

Based on the antioxidative effect of resveratrol (RES) in mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, we investigated whether the protective activity of RES against ROS-mediated cytotoxicity is mediated by intracellular carbon monoxide (CO), a product of HO-1 activity, in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The cells were exposed to UVB radiation following treatment with RES and/or CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). RES and/or CORM-2 upregulated HO-1 protein expression, accompanied by a gradual reduction of UVB-induced intracellular ROS levels.

Inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from Decne peel on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury in mice.

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM), with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm, is the primary air pollutant that plays a key role associated with lung injury produced by loss of vascular barrier integrity.

Improvement of cognitive function by supplemented with tomato paste in a mouse model.

, a traditional Korean hot sauce, was prepared with a variety of antioxidant-rich supplements to improve its bioactive functions and preference by pungency-sensitive people. Among the tested ingredients, tomato paste exhibited the strongest antioxidant and neuroprotective activities when added as a supplement to traditional . Furthermore, oral administration of prepared with tomato paste to mice significantly improved cognitive function compared to original .

Grape Peel Extract and Resveratrol Inhibit Wrinkle Formation in Mice Model Through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Considering the anti-photoaging effect of antioxidant compounds, we investigated the protective capacity of grape peel extract (GPE) and resveratrol on ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin wrinkle formation. Total phenolic, total anthocyanin, and total flavonoid content in GPE prepared from peel of Campbell Early variety were 23.96 ± 0.

Luteolin Shifts Oxaliplatin-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest at G₀/G₁ to Apoptosis in HCT116 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.

Certain antioxidative flavonoids are known to activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates cellular antioxidants and detoxifying response and is reportedly highly activated in many types of cancers. Few studies on the potential undesired effects of flavonoid intake during chemotherapy have been conducted, yet Nrf2 activators could favor cancer cell survival by attenuating chemotherapeutic efficiency. This study aimed to examine if luteolin, an Nrf2 activator, hinders chemotherapeutic activity of oxaliplatin, a potent anticancer agent for colorectal cancer, in HCT116 cells.

Glyceollins Modulate Tumor Development and Growth in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Colon Cancer in a -Dependent Manner.

Glyceollins are soybean-derived phytoalexins that induce the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which is involved in the detoxification of carcinogens and the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies, however, have indicated that Nrf2 induction stimulates the development of pre-existing tumors and confers resistance to chemotherapy by elevating drug metabolism and by efficient scavenging of ROS produced by the Warburg effect, which is regulated, in turn, by the p53 tumor suppressor. This study, therefore, aimed at examining whether glyceollins could accelerate tumor growth in the presence of active p53, using a xenograft BALB/c nude mouse model transplanted subcutaneously with p53 wild-type and p53 null HCT116 human colon cancer cells.

Soy-derived phytoalexins: mechanism of in vivo biological effectiveness in spite of their low bioavailability.

The well-demonstrated bioefficacy of phytochemicals in spite of their paradoxically low bioavailability has long puzzled scientists. Glyceollins, a family of soy-derived phytoalexins, have been reported to exert a variety of biological effects in vitro and in vivo systems in spite of poor systemic bioavailability after oral administration, suggesting that secondary messengers generated in gastrointestinal tract would transfer signals to target organs and tissues to manifest any effect. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms of how the poorly bioavailable glyceollins could still exert in vivo biological effects.

Improved extraction of resveratrol and antioxidants from grape peel using heat and enzymatic treatments.

Background: Resveratrol, an extensively recognized phytochemical that belongs to the stilbene family, is abundant in grape peel which is discarded as a by-product during grape juice processing.

Results: In this study, we established that pre-heating grape peel above 75 °C significantly improved the extractability of resveratrol and its glucoside piceid. In particular, thermal heating of grape peel at 95 °C for 10 min, followed by treatment with a mixture of exo-1,3-β-glucanase and pectinases at 50 °C for 60 min, dramatically increased the conversion of piceid into resveratrol and the overall extractability of this phytochemical by 50%.