Analysis of prognostic factors for postoperative complications and mortality in elderly patients undergoing emergency surgery for intestinal perforation or irreversible intestinal ischemia.

Purpose: Because the global geriatric population continues to increase, the assessment of emergency surgical outcomes in elderly patients with acute peritonitis will become more important.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on the data of 174 elderly patients who underwent emergency surgery for intestinal perforation or intestinal infarction between June 2010 and November 2022. We conducted an analysis of the risk factors associated with postoperative complications and mortality by evaluating the characteristics of patients and their surgical outcomes.

Anesthesia for ovarian teratoma resection using remimazolam and remifentanil in a patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis -two case reports.

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis that causes characteristic symptoms through the formation of antibodies against NMDA receptors. If ovarian teratomas are detected, surgical removal under general anesthesia is often considered. Many general anesthetic agents inhibit NMDA receptors.

Perforation on the superior side of duodenum is a risk factor of laparoscopic primary repair for duodenal ulcer perforation.

Purpose: Primary repair is the standard surgical method for treating duodenal ulcer perforations, with very good results usually anticipated because of the simplicity of the associated surgical techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the risk factors that affect laparoscopic primary repair outcomes for duodenal ulcer perforation.

Methods: Between June 2010 and June 2020, 124 patients who underwent laparoscopic primary repair for duodenal ulcer perforations were reviewed.

Surgical Outcomes and Survival Prognostic Factors for Palliative Gastrectomies in Stage IV Resectable Gastric Cancer Outlet Obstruction Patients.

Purpose: Currently, there is no clear evidence to support any specific treatment as a principal therapy for stage IV gastric cancer outlet obstruction (GCOO) patients. This study evaluated the outcomes of palliative gastrectomies and survival prognostic factors in patients with stage IV resectable GCOO.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 48 stage IV GCOO patients who underwent palliative gastrectomies between June 2010 and December 2019.

Ultrasound-guided greater occipital nerve block with botulinum toxin for patients with chronic headache in the occipital area: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ultrasound-guided greater occipital nerve (GON) block has been frequently used to treat various types of headaches, and botulinum toxin has recently begun to be used in patients with headache. Our study presents the long-term effect of botulinum toxin on GON block using ultrasound in patients with chronic headache in occipital area.

Methods: Patients with occipital headache were divided into two groups (bupivacaine: BUP group [n = 27], botulinum toxin: BTX group [n = 27]), and ultrasound-guided GON block was performed at the C2 level.

Extending the Indication for Laparoscopic Surgery in Patients With Pan-Peritonitis.

Background: There have been reports of favorable results in patients with peritonitis who underwent laparoscopic surgery. The present study evaluated the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in patients with pan-peritonitis.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 148 patients who underwent open and laparoscopic surgery for pan-peritonitis between January 2015 and December 2017 at Hanyang University Guri Hospital.

The functional role of protease-activated receptors on contractile responses by activation of Ca sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles.

It has been known that activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) affects gastrointestinal motility. In this study, we tested the effects of PAR agonists on electrical and contractile responses and Ca sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles. The Simian colonic muscle was initially hyperpolarized by PAR agonists.

End-tidal concentration of sevoflurane for reducing rocuronium-induced withdrawal reactions in adult patients: a comparison between male and female patients.

Background: In this study, we assessed the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of sevoflurane for reducing a rocuronium-induced reaction, based on the Dixon's up-and-down method. We also assessed the 50 and 95% effective end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane (ETsev), based on the probit regression curve of the probability of nonwithdrawal reaction.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blind study in 23 males and 24 females.

End-tidal concentration of sevoflurane for preventing rocuronium-induced withdrawal of the arm in pediatric patients.

Background: During induction of general anesthesia, the intravenous injection of rocuronium is often associated with withdrawal movement of the arm due to pain, and this abrupt withdrawal may result in dislodgement of the venous catheter, injury, or inadequate injection of rocuronium. We performed this study to evaluate the 50 and 95% effective end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane (ETsev) for preventing rocuronium-induced withdrawal of the arm.

Methods: We conducted a prospective double-blind study in 31 pediatric patients.

Antioxidant effects of methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone on the impairment of endothelium dependent relaxation induced by reactive oxygen species in rabbit abdominal aorta.

Background: The reperfusion following ischemia produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). We studied the influences of methylprednisolone (MPD) and hydrocortisone (CRT) on ROS effects using the endothelium of rabbit abdominal aorta.

Methods: Isolated rabbit aortic rings were suspended in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution.

Remifentanil used as adjuvant in general anesthesia for spinal fusion does not exhibit acute opioid tolerance.

Background: Although acute tolerance to opioids, especially to remifentanil, has been demonstrated consistently in animal studies, the results of clinical trials in humans are controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether intraoperative infusions of remifentanil used as an adjuvant in general anesthesia result in acute tolerance, an event manifested by increased postoperative pain and a higher opioid requirement than usual.

Methods: Sixty patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia for spinal fusion were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen (group SO, n = 20), sevoflurane-remifentanil-nitrous oxide-oxygen (group SR, n = 20), or propofol-remifentanil-oxygen (group PR, n = 20) in a double-blinded manner.

Peri-operative ketamine with the ambulatory elastometric infusion pump as an adjuvant to manage acute postoperative pain after spinal fusion in adults: a prospective randomized trial.

Background: In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of ketamine as an alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), to manage acute postoperative pain after spinal fusion when given intravenously via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump in which the dose was proportional to that of fentanyl.

Methods: Forty patients undergoing 1-2 level spinal fusion were enrolled in this study. Patients were intraoperatively randomized into two groups to receive intravenous PCA consisting either of fentanyl 0.

Ultrasound-guided greater occipital nerve block for patients with occipital headache and short term follow up.

Background: The greater occipital nerve (GON) block has been frequently used for different types of headache, but performed with rough estimates of anatomic landmarks. Our study presents the values of the anatomic parameters and estimates the effectiveness of the ultrasound-guided GON blockade.

Methods: The GON was detected using ultrasound technique and distance from external occipital protuberance (EOP) to GON, from GON to occipital artery and depth from skin to GON was measured in volunteers.

A comparison of the Glidescope® to the McGrath® videolaryngoscope in patients.

Background: The Glidescope® videolaryngoscope is a new device for tracheal intubation that provides an improved view of the larynx. This study was performed to compare the Glidescope with the McGrath videolaryngoscope in terms of time to intubation (TTI) and number of attempts.

Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, Glidescope or McGrath group, by using computer-generated numbers.

The optimal effect-site concentration of remifentanil for lightwand tracheal intubation during propofol induction without muscle relaxation.

Study Objective: To determine the most suitable effect-site concentration of remifentanil during lightwand intubation when administered with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol at 4.0 μg/mL without neuromuscular blockade.

Design: Prospective study using a modified Dixon's up-and-down method.

Awareness during general anesthesia due to the unlock position of the vaporizer : A report on two cases.

Awareness with recall after general anesthesia is a relatively infrequent occurrence and this awareness is often associated with significant adverse psychological sequelae, including posttraumatic stress disorder. The occurrence of awareness is often the consequence of the light anesthetic techniques with using minor anesthetic agents. Because the locking lever of the Penlon Sigma Delta Anesthetic vaporizer (sevoflurane) was at the unlock position, disconnection happened between the anesthetic machine and the vaporizer (the Selectatec(R) vaporizing system).

Comparison of volume-control and pressure-control ventilation during one-lung ventilation.

Background: We hypothesized that pressure control ventilation allows a more even distribution in the lung and better maintenance of the mean airway pressure than is achieved with volume control ventilation. We try to compare the effect of pressure control ventilation (PC) with that of volume control ventilation without an end-inspiratory pause (VC) during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in an anesthetized, paralyzed patient for performing thoracopic bullectomy of the lung.

Methods: We ventilated 20 patients with VC and PC after the insertion of a thoracoscope in continual order for, at least for 15 minutes, for each, VC and PC procedure.