To elucidate the potential roles of presynaptic and postsynaptic serotonergic activity in impulsivity traits, we investigated the relationship between self-reported impulsiveness and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and 5-HT2A receptors in healthy individuals. In this study, 26 participants completed 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with [C]DASB and [C]MDL100907. To quantify 5-HTT and 5-HT2A receptor availability, the binding potential (BP) of [C]DASB and [C]MDL100907 was derived using the simplified reference tissue model with cerebellar gray matter as the reference region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIschemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, with limited therapeutic options available. Despite the success of early interventions, such as tissue-type plasminogen activator administration and mechanical thrombectomy, many patients continue to experience persistent neurological deficits. The pathophysiology of IS is multifaceted, encompassing excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier disruption, all of which contribute to neural cell death, further complicating the treatment of IS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHemophilia A (HA) is caused by mutations in coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Genome editing in conjunction with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a promising cell therapy strategy, as it replaces dysfunctional proteins resulting from genetic mutations with normal proteins. However, the low expression level and short half-life of FVIII still remain significant limiting factors in the efficacy of these approaches in HA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Microbiol Biotechnol
December 2024
Postbiotics, bioactive compounds from the fermentation process by probiotics, are gaining attention for their potential health benefits as safer alternatives to live probiotic microbes. is a well-studied probiotic species known for promoting gut health and immune modulation. However, the safety and effects of its postbiotic formulations on the gut microbiome structure remain less explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParticulate matter (PM, diameter < 10 μm) and Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) exposure can cause severe respiratory disorders. This investigation explored the protective effects of Reliea® (RelA), combination of Codonopsis lanceolata and Chaenomeles sinensis extract, against airway inflammation related to PMD exposure. RelA treatment suppressed reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide release, cytokine expression (IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, CXCL-2, MCP-1, and TNF-α), and the related inflammatory mechanisms in PM-induced alveolar macrophage cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Surg Oncol
February 2025
Mathematical models are established tools to assist in outbreak response. They help characterise complex patterns in disease spread, simulate control options to assist public health authorities in decision-making, and longer-term operational and financial planning. In the context of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), vaccines are one of the most-cost effective outbreak response interventions, with the potential to avert significant morbidity and mortality through timely delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGinseng is a traditional herbal medicine with a long history of use for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases. Ginseng is used worldwide as a functional food to maintain human health. In addition, ginseng has been used as a raw ingredient in cosmetics with various applications, ranging from skin toning to anti-aging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a cornerstone of medical education that uses a structured approach to assess clinical skills and competency. A well-designed checklist is essential to enhance the validity of OSCE exams. This study aimed to determine whether a clinically discriminatory checklist (CDC) improves the validity of the OSCE compared with an assessment using the thoroughness checklist (TC), with a particular focus on clinical reasoning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, kidney cancer has become one of the most serious medical issues. Kidney cancer is treated with a variety of active compounds that trigger genes that cause cancer. We identified in our earlier research that isoquercitrin (IQ) can activate PIK3CA, IGF1R, and PTGS2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFollowing an injury, the liver embarks on a process that drives the accumulation and reformation of the extracellular matrix, leading to hepatic fibrosis. Type I interferons (IFNs), including IFN-α and IFN-β, play a crucial role in averting chronic liver injury through the activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which are instrumental in sculpting adaptive immunity. The role of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein 1 (OASL1), an antiviral ISG, in the context of liver fibrosis remains to be elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) (Family: Araliaceae) is one of the most widely used traditional herbs in Asia. Multiple studies have shown that KRGE has anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects.
Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups for PTU-induced hypothyroidism and six groups for LT4-induced hyperthyroidism.
In this study, we compared antithrombotic activities of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) and (CPC) on rats with induced thrombosis. Results indicate that KRG and CPC suppressed the arterial occlusion and the combination of KRG and CPC (KRG + CPC) treatment exhibited a synergistic effect with maximum reduction in thrombosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Microbiol Biotechnol
August 2024
The inhabitation and parasitism of root-knot nematodes (RKNs) can be difficult to control, as its symptoms can be easily confused with other plant diseases; hence, identifying and controlling the occurrence of RKNs in plants remains an ongoing challenge. Moreover, there are only a few biological agents for controlling these harmful nematodes. In this study, sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunotherapy is likely the most remarkable advancement in lung cancer treatment during the past decade. Although immunotherapy provides substantial benefits, their therapeutic responses differ from those of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and some patients present unique immunotherapy response patterns that cannot be judged under the current measurement standards. Therefore, the response monitoring of immunotherapy can be challenging, such as the differentiation between real response and pseudo-response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSarcopenia refers to an age-related decrease in muscle mass and strength. The gut-muscle axis has been proposed as a promising target to alleviate muscle atrophy. The effect of KL-Biome-a postbiotic preparation comprising heat-killed KM-2, its metabolites, and an excipient (soybean powder)-on muscle atrophy was evaluated using dexamethasone (DEX)-induced atrophic C2C12 myoblasts and C57BL/6J mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere is increasing interest in hair loss treatment because a growing number of people affected. Lecomte is known for its anticancer effects, but its potential for preventing hair loss has not been researched. Therefore, this study focused on the hair loss prevention effects of Lecomte ethanol extract (Nk-EE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
July 2024
Background: In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), accurately predicting a pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) has the potential to enable an active surveillance strategy without esophagectomy. We aimed to establish a reliable multiparameter nomogram model that combines tumor characteristics, imaging modalities, and hematologic markers to predict pCR in patients with ESCC who underwent PCRT and esophagectomy.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 457 patients with ESCC who received PCRT followed by esophagectomy between January 2005 and October 2020.
Ann Surg Oncol
October 2024
Background: Patients achieving pathological complete response (pCR) post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have a favorable prognosis. However, recurrence occurs in approximately 20-30% of all patients, with few studies evaluating their prognostic factors. We identified these prognostic factors, including inflammation-based markers, in patients with ESCC showing pCR after nCRT and surgery.
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