Assessment of Sinkholes Investigations in Jangseong-Gun Area, South Korea, and Recommendations for Similar Studies.

This paper reviews the site investigation field data and access work performed between 2016 and 2019 in the study area located close to Gun-dong mine. The research was aimed at defining the cause of sinkholes and their relationship with the underlying karstic limestone bedrock and nearby mining activities. Only a limited number of small sinkholes appeared in 2014, 2016, and 2018 in the agricultural land close to the limestone mine.

Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations.

A new non-dispersive, anti-washout grout consisting of ordinary Portland cement, slag, superplasticizer, and methylbenzyl cellulose is proposed herein for the treatment of open karst, jointed and fractured rock, open-work gravel, and permeable sediments. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to design an anti-wash out grout suitable for grout injection of coarse aggregates depicting partially and open-jointed saturated rock mass and grouting concrete aggregates for underwater construction. The Taguchi orthogonal array was used to obtain nine different grout mix ratios.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a yellow-bellied sea snake () (Squamata, Elapidae).

In this study, we provide the first report of the complete mitochondrial genomic sequencing of a yellow-bellied sea snake () that has the broadest distribution range of all Squamata species. The mitogenome length was 18,101 bp and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 3 non-coding regions. The sequence presented could be very useful for further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Ijima's Sea Snake () (Squamata, Elapidae).

In this study, we provide the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome of . The mitogenome length is 18,259 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and three non-coding regions. The sequence presented could be very useful for further phylogenetic and evolutionary study.

Effect of long-term supplementation of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in db/db mice model and elucidation of mechanism of action.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a serious problem for developed countries. Prevention of prediabetes progression to type 2 diabetes with the use of natural products appears to a cost-effective solution. Previously we showed that enzymatically digested low molecular weight chitosan-oligosaccharide with molecular weight (MW) below 1,000 Da (GO2KA1) has potential for hyperglycemia management.

Molecular weight dependent glucose lowering effect of low molecular weight Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) on postprandial blood glucose level in SD rats model.

This research investigated the effect of enzymatically digested low molecular weight (MW) chitosan oligosaccharide on type 2 diabetes prevention. Three different chitosan oligosaccharide samples with varying MW were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of rat small intestinal α-glucosidase and porcine pancreatic α-amylase (GO2KA1; <1000 Da, GO2KA2; 1000-10,000 Da, GO2KA3; MW > 10,000 Da). The in vitro results showed that all tested samples had similar rat α-glucosidase inhibitory and porcine α-amylase inhibitory activity.

Interferon-resistant Daudi cell line with a Stat2 defect is resistant to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

Interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) has shown promise in the treatment of various cancers. However, the development of IFN resistance is a significant drawback. Using conditions that mimic in vivo selection of IFN-resistant cells, the RST2 IFN-resistant cell line was isolated from the highly IFN-sensitive Daudi human Burkitt lymphoma cell line.

Talosins A and B: new isoflavonol glycosides with potent antifungal activity from Kitasatospora kifunensis MJM341. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, and biological activities.

In our screening program for new antifungal agents from microbial secondary metabolites, we isolated two new isoflavonol glycosides, genistein 7-alpha-L-6-deoxy-talopyranoside (talosin A) and genistein 4',7-di-alpha-L-6-deoxy-talopyranoside (talosin B), from the culture broth of Kitasatospora kifunensis MJM341. The talosins exhibited strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Cryptococcus neoformans with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range of 3- 15 microg/ml while genistein and genistein-7-glucopyranoside did not show antifungal activity at 100 microg/ml. These talosins are the first isoflavonol glycosides with a 6-deoxy-talose sugar component and they may be useful as antifungal agents with low toxicity because of no visible cytotoxicity against the human hepatic HepG2 cell.

Role of nuclear factor-kappaB in the antiviral action of interferon and interferon-regulated gene expression.

Interferons (IFNs) play critical roles in host defense by modulating the expression of various genes via tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT transcription factors. IFN-alpha/beta activates another important transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), but its role in IFN-mediated activity is poorly understood. Sensitivity to the antiviral and gene-inducing effects of IFN was examined in normal fibroblasts and in NF-kappaB knockout fibroblasts from p50- and p65-null mice.

Novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, CKD-711 and CKD-711a produced by Streptomyces sp. CK-4416. II. Biological properties.

CKD-711 and CKD-711a are aminooligosaccharide alpha-glucosidase inhibitors discovered during the bioactive material screening for antibacterial agent. Their inhibitory activities were studied and compared with those of acarbose in vitro and in vivo with animals. In in vitro study, CKD-711 showed similar effects to acarbose on porcine intestinal maltase and sucrase, IC50s of 2.

Novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, CKD-711 and CKD-711a produced by Streptomyces sp. CK-4416. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and isolation.

New alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, CKD-711 and CKD-711a were produced from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. CK-4416 which was isolated from a forest soil of Jeju Island, South Korea. CKD-711 and CKD-711a were purified by Dowex 50W-2X and Sephadex G-10 column chromatography.