Analysis of Infusion Patterns of Propofol and Remifentanil During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under Total Intravenous Anesthesia.

Objectives: We analyzed the dosage pattern of anesthetic drugs administered to maintain anesthesia during rigid bronchoscopy.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 81 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy under total intravenous anesthesia between April 2015 and March 2019. Anesthesia was maintained using propofol (target brain concentration 2.

Estimation of the effect-site equilibration rate constant using the time-to-peak effect of muscle relaxants measured by train-of-four stimulation during general anesthesia induction.

Background: The concept of the effect-site concentration of anesthetic agents is important. The effect compartment model can be explained using the concepts of effect-site concentration and effect-site equilibration rate constant (). This study confirms that the time-to-peak effect ( ) can be measured easily in clinical practice by applying a priming dose and train-of-four (TOF) during general anesthesia induction, and can be calculated from the of the four muscle relaxants that are commonly used in general anesthesia.

Evaluation of Respiratory Dynamics in an Asymmetric Lung Compliance Model.

Background: Unilateral lung hyperinflation develops in lungs with asymmetric compliance, which can lead to vital instability. The aim of this study was to investigate the respiratory dynamics and the effect of airway diameter on the distribution of tidal volume during mechanical ventilation in a lung model with asymmetric compliance.

Methods: Three groups of lung models were designed to simulate lungs with a symmetric and asymmetric compliance.

Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Serum Interleukin-6, Hemodynamic Stability, and Postoperative Pain Relief in Elderly Patients under Spinal Anesthesia.

The beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) have not been extensively investigated in elderly patients receiving spinal anesthesia. This study evaluated the effects of intravenous DEX infusion on stress and hemodynamic response, as well as on postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We randomly allocated 45 adult patients to 3 patient groups (n=15 each): uni-saline group patients underwent unilateral TKA with saline administration, uni-DEX group patients underwent unilateral TKA with DEX administration, and bilateral-DEX group patients underwent bilateral TKA with DEX administration.

Effect of 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone on the up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression in hamster lung fibroblasts.

The cytoprotective mechanism of 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) against oxidative stress-induced cell damage with respect to its stimulatory effect on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant enzyme, was investigated in the present study. Up-regulation of HO-1 expression by DHF was both dose and time dependent in lung fibroblast V79-4 cells. DHF also increased the protein expression level of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and induced the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus, leading to elevated HO-1 expression.

A Comparison between Discrimination Indices and Item-Response Theory Using the Rasch Model in a Clinical Course Written Examination of a Medical School.

Purpose: The reliability of test is determined by each items' characteristics. Item analysis is achieved by classical test theory and item response theory. The purpose of the study was to compare the discrimination indices with item response theory using the Rasch model.

A case of back pain caused by Salmonella spondylitis -A case report-.

Salmonella spondylitis is a rare illness, and it generally occurs in patients who have already had sickle cell anemia, and it is even rarer in patients who are without sickle cell anemia. A 61-year-old male patient was hospitalized for the evaluation of his renal function and then treatment was started for his back pain. His back pain had developed about 2 months previously without any specific trauma.

Is It Useful and Safe to Maintain the Sitting Position During Only One Minute before Position Change to the Jack-knife Position?

Background: Conventional spinal saddle block is performed with the patient in a sitting position, keeping the patient sitting for between 3 to 10 min after injection of a drug. This amount of time, however, is long enough to cause prolonged postoperative urinary retention. The trend in this block is to lower the dose of local anesthetics, providing a selective segmental block; however, an optimal dose and method are needed for adequate anesthesia in variable situations.

Papaverine, a vasodilator, blocks the pore of the HERG channel at submicromolar concentration.

Papaverine, a vasodilator used as a therapeutic agent for a range of diseases, has been reported to increase the risk of occasional serious ventricular arrhythmias. To examine the mechanism for this effect, we herein tested the effects of papaverine on human ether-a-go-go (HERG) K channels expressed in HEK293 cells and Xenopus oocytes. Our results revealed that papaverine dose-dependently decreased the tail currents of HERG channel expressed in HEK293 cells with the IC50 and the Hill coefficient of 0.