Chorioretinal Toxicity of Perfluorooctane (Ala Octa): Results From 48 Surgical Procedures in Geneva.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of patient who underwent surgery using perfluorooctane (PFO; CF; Ala Octa) with those who underwent surgery with perfluorodecalin (F-Decalin).

Design: Retrospective, consecutive, comparative, interventional case series.

Methods: A total of 48 eyes that underwent vitrectomy with PFO were compared to 29 eyes that underwent vitrectomy with perfluorodecalin.

Cystoid macular oedema and iris-fixated intraocular lens treated with intraocular lens exchange: A case series and review.

This series of case reports describes six eyes from five patients that underwent intraocular lens (IOL) exchange with scleral-fixated IOLs for cystoid macular oedema associated with iris-fixated IOLs between 2005 and 2015. Macular oedema was assessed using ocular coherence tomography (OCT). The six eyes in this series were treated by IOL removal and implantation of a scleral -sutured IOL with four points of fixation in the sulcus.

Inflammatory Biomarkers Profile as Microenvironmental Expression in Keratoconus.

Keratoconus is a degenerative disorder with progressive stromal thinning and transformation of the normal corneal architecture towards ectasia that results in decreased vision due to irregular astigmatism and irreversible tissue scarring. The pathogenesis of keratoconus still remains unclear. Hypotheses that this condition has an inflammatory etiopathogenetic component apart from the genetic and environmental factors are beginning to escalate in the research domain.

Unusual bilateral traumatic maculopathy following whiplash injury.

An unusual extensive bilateral macular oedema (MO) with spontaneous resolution occurred following a car crash accident. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the macular region using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) was performed daily during the first 7 days, as well as at 3 and 6 months following the accident. SD-OCT examination demonstrated extensive MO accompanied by neurosensory detachment and subretinal fluid.

Treatment of diabetic macular edema with sustained-release glucocorticoids: intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone implant, and fluocinolone acetonide implant.

Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) can be treated with intravitreal glucocorticoids, particularly triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone (DEX), and fluocinolone acetonide (FA).

Areas Covered: The pathophysiology of DME includes multiple growth factors such as VEGF and also inflammatory mediators. Glucocorticoids act on DME through multiple pathways, and current research into their efficacy, safety, and therapeutic potential when administered intravitreally is discussed.

[Combined cataract and glaucoma surgery. Current options].

Trabeculectomy is no longer the gold standard for combined cataract glaucoma surgery considering the successful results following cataract surgery combined with trabeculotomy, viscocanalostomy and canaloplasty. The main disadvantage of these mostly non-penetrating procedures is the induction of conjunctival scarring which jeopardizes subsequent filtering surgery. Ab interno glaucoma surgery, including trabecular surgery and endocyclophotocoagulation, does not interfere with the conjunctival situation.

Association of the optic disc structure with the use of antihypertensive medications: the thessaloniki eye study.

Purpose: To investigate the association of antihypertensive medications with optic disc structure by blood pressure (BP) level, in nonglaucoma subjects.

Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study.

Methods: A subset of Thessaloniki Eye Study participants was included in this study.

[Glaucoma with primary iris malformations. Axenfeld-Rieger syndromes, ICE syndromes (essential iris atrophy, Chandler's syndrome, Cogan-Reese syndrome), aniridia].

Iris malformations are often associated with malformations of the entire eye and systemic diseases. Malformations of the anterior chamber angle can lead to juvenile glaucoma. Axenfeld-Rieger syndromes have autosomal dominant transmission and are associated with juvenile glaucoma in 50-60% of patients.

[Femtosecond laser ablation and scanning microscopy of the internal retinal limiting membrane: an experimental study].

The investigation was undertaken to study whether femtosecond laser ablation and microscopy might be used in the internal retinal borderline membrane. Ablation of internal limiting membrane preparations removed using or not using indocyanine green was made by a low-energy femtosecond laser. Examination of the preparations by laser and electron microscopy revealed precision laser cuts of the internal retinal borderline membrane.

[Postoperative complications and management of filtration surgery].

Of the filtering procedures employed, trabeculectomy is the one most frequently used for surgical therapy in primary open angle glaucoma patients. Intra- and postoperative complications must be detected promptly and treated adequately. Many complications arise within the first weeks, such as bleb scaring, decreased flow beneath the scleral flap, extensive filtration with choroidal detachment and anterior chamber narrowing.

[Subluxation of hydrophilic acrylate intraocular lenses due to massive capsular fibrosis].

Background: Compared with other biomaterials, hydrophilic acrylate provides better uveal biocompatibility, lower adhesion rates of bacteria and silicone oil, and less glare. Because of reduced capsular biocompatibility, increased fibrosis may initiate dislocation of the intraocular lens (IOL).

Patients: In six eyes of four patients, enhanced fibroses led to IOL dislocation, leading to an IOL exchange an average of 40 weeks after implantation of the same hydrophilic acrylate lens type.

Femtosecond laser-assisted retinal imaging and ablation: experimental pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate retinal imaging and ablation using femtosecond laser pulses.

Materials And Methods: Two non-amplified near-infrared femtosecond lasers were used to irradiate porcine retinal specimens in vitro. The lasers were used for tissue removal as well as multiphoton laser scanning microscopy.

Cholinergic inhibition by botulinum toxin in a rat model of congenital glaucoma raises intraocular pressure.

Background: Cholinergic receptors are crucially involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Muscarinic agonists in the trabecular meshwork tissue increase aqueous humour outflow facility by a direct stimulation of ciliary muscle contraction. We investigated the contribution of cholinergic state to IOP regulation.

Interobserver variability in confocal optic nerve analysis (HRT).

Background/aims: To study the observer-related variability of optic nerve head (ONH) measurements using confocal laser scanning tomography (HRT I) in a screening setting.

Methods: Six experienced glaucoma specialists independently evaluated 50 ONH topographies from 25 adults using HRT software ver. 2.

Association of blood pressure status with the optic disk structure in non-glaucoma subjects: the Thessaloniki eye study.

Purpose: To study the association of blood pressure (BP) status on the optic disk structure as measured with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) in people without glaucoma.

Design: Cross-sectional population-based setting study.

Methods: Consecutive participants in the Thessaloniki Eye Study were included in this study.

The role of optic nerve blood flow in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Many theories have surfaced regarding the exact mechanisms behind glaucomatous damage, but the complex nature of the disease and the inaccessibility of the internal structures of the human eye have limited current knowledge. Increased intraocular pressure is the risk factor most often associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy; ischemic insult to the optic nerve has also been suggested as a possible cause of cellular damage. The aim of this review is to cover the possible role of optic nerve head hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Reproducibility of the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter in determining low perfusion areas in peripapillary retina.

Aim: To evaluate the interobserver variability and retest reproducibility of confocal scanning laser Doppler flowmeter in measuring capillary perfusion of the peripapillary retina.

Methods: Blood flow measurements were performed in one eye of 10 normal subjects by two investigators on two different days (visits). Five separate measurements of the peripapillary blood flow parameters were recorded by each observer at each visit.

Optic nerve head morphometry in healthy adults using confocal laser scanning tomography.

Background/aims: To study the optic nerve head (ONH) characteristics in a cross sectional study with confocal laser scanning tomography using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT I) and thereby to obtain a new HRT database for comparison of healthy and glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: White adults with no history of ocular pathology were eligible for the study. The examination comprised: assessment of visual acuity; slit lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segment; Goldmann applanation tonometry; computerised perimetry, and optic nerve head tomography with HRT.

Ocular haemodynamic responses to induced hypercapnia and hyperoxia in glaucoma.

Aim: To determine the ocular haemodynamic response to gas perturbations in glaucoma.

Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP), systemic systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and retrobulbar blood flow velocities, measured by colour Doppler imaging (CDI), were recorded at two visits. CDI was used to measure peak systolic and end diastolic velocities (PSV and EDV) and resistance index (RI) in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs).

Reproducibility of circadian retinal and optic nerve head blood flow measurements by Heidelberg retina flowmetry.

Background/aim: The Heidelberg retina flowmeter (HRF) is designed to measure retinal capillary blood flow. Previous studies however showed weak reproducibility of data. The intraindividual reproducibility of circadian HRF measurements was examined in healthy subjects in three locations of the retina.

Variability of the normalised rim/disc area quotient estimated by laser scanning tomography. A comparison with conventional planimetry.

Background: The introduction of the laser scanning tomograph raises the possibility of the estimation of optic disc morphology in a less subjective and less time-consuming way than the conventional planimetry of fundus photography. The aim of the present study was to estimate the efficiency of the HRT method in a comparison of data collected in a glaucomatous patient group to planimetric data obtained in young normal volunteers.

Methods: Repeated rim/disc area measurements were done in 10 glaucoma patients with a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph and in a group of five young volunteers with good vision.

Retinectomy for treatment of intractable glaucoma: long term results.

Aim: To report long term efficacy and complications of retinectomy as an intraocular pressure lowering procedure for intractable glaucoma.

Methods: This was a consecutive interventional case series. In 44 consecutive eyes (39 patients, 22 men and 17 women) retinectomy was performed to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with uncontrolled IOP (>35 mm Hg for more than 4 months) despite conventional filtering surgery and drug treatment.

Comparison of ocular hemodynamics measured by a new retinal blood flowmeter and color Doppler imaging.

Background And Objective: To compare measurements of a new retinal blood flow device with central retinal artery blood velocity.

Materials And Methods: One randomly selected eye from each of 13 subjects was examined. Blood flow was measured by laser blood flowmeter and velocity by color Doppler imaging.