Allergies to antibiotics among US women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection.

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI) are generally treated empirically with antibiotics. However, antibiotic allergies limit the available oral treatment options for some patients. We assessed the proportion of self-reported antibiotic allergies among US women with uUTI.

Increased precipitation over land due to climate feedback of large-scale bioenergy cultivation.

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is considered to be a key technology for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, large-scale bioenergy crop cultivation results in land cover changes and activates biophysical effects on climate, with earth's water recycling altered and energy budget re-adjusted. Here, we use a coupled atmosphere-land model with explicit representations of high-transpiration woody (i.

Activity impairment, health-related quality of life, productivity, and self-reported resource use and associated costs of uncomplicated urinary tract infection among women in the United States.

Background: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) are among the most common infections in the US. Only a few studies, however, describe the impact of uUTIs from the patient perspective.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of US women aged ≥18 years was performed assessing uUTI burden regarding activity impairment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), workplace productivity, healthcare resource use (HRU), and costs.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Adult Patients Diagnosed with Epilepsy Being Treated with Perampanel.

Background: Epilepsy is a complex disorder that can affect patients' medical, psychological, and social well-being. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), satisfaction, and adherence in adult patients diagnosed with epilepsy treated with perampanel in the United States (US).

Methods: A US-based, multicenter, observational cross-sectional survey was completed by 61 patients taking perampanel with or without other antiseizure medications (ASMs).

Managing nitrogen to restore water quality in China.

The nitrogen cycle has been radically changed by human activities. China consumes nearly one third of the world's nitrogen fertilizers. The excessive application of fertilizers and increased nitrogen discharge from livestock, domestic and industrial sources have resulted in pervasive water pollution.

A global database of water vapor isotopes measured with high temporal resolution infrared laser spectroscopy.

The isotopic composition of water vapour provides integrated perspectives on the hydrological histories of air masses and has been widely used for tracing physical processes in hydrological and climatic studies. Over the last two decades, the infrared laser spectroscopy technique has been used to measure the isotopic composition of water vapour near the Earth's surface. Here, we have assembled a global database of high temporal resolution stable water vapour isotope ratios (δO and δD) observed using this measurement technique.

Publisher Correction: Regional disparities in warm season rainfall changes over arid eastern-central Asia.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Regional disparities in warm season rainfall changes over arid eastern-central Asia.

Multiple studies have reported a shift in the trend of warm season rainfall over arid eastern-central Asia (AECA) around the turn of the new century, from increasing over the second half of the twentieth century to decreasing during the early years of the twenty-first. Here, a closer look based on multiple precipitation datasets reveals important regional disparities in these changes. Warm-season rainfall increased over both basin areas and mountain ranges during 1961-1998 due to enhanced moisture flux convergence associated with changes in the large-scale circulation and increases in atmospheric moisture content.

Assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor and ozone in reanalyses as part of S-RIP.

Reanalysis data sets are widely used to understand atmospheric processes and past variability, and are often used to stand in as "observations" for comparisons with climate model output. Because of the central role of water vapor (WV) and ozone (O) in climate change, it is important to understand how accurately and consistently these species are represented in existing global reanalyses. In this paper, we present the results of WV and O intercomparisons that have been performed as part of the SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP).

Self-reported Barriers to Adherence and Persistence to Treatment With Injectable Medications for Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: This study explored the barriers that adult Americans experience when taking injectable medications for type 2 diabetes, from the time of filling the initial prescription through the decision to discontinue the medication.

Methods: An Internet-based survey was conducted in 2 waves among adult patients (N = 2000) who had received a physician prescription for insulin, liraglutide, or exenatide once weekly (QW), regardless of whether the prescription was filled by a pharmacy. In wave 1, patients were surveyed on their medication history and experience and, if relevant, the medication discontinuation process.

On the Non-Stationary Relationship between the Siberian High and Arctic Oscillation.

An area-weighted k-means clustering method based on pattern correlations is proposed and used to explore the relationship between the Siberian High (SH) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) during the winter months (December-January-February) of 1948-2014. Five regimes are identified. Four of these five regimes (comprising 171 of 201 months) show a negative correlation between the SH and AO indices, while the last regime (30 months) shows a positive correlation.

Summer rainfall over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau controlled by deep convection over the Indian subcontinent.

Despite the importance of precipitation and moisture transport over the Tibetan Plateau for glacier mass balance, river runoff and local ecology, changes in these quantities remain highly uncertain and poorly understood. Here we use observational data and model simulations to explore the close relationship between summer rainfall variability over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau (SWTP) and that over central-eastern India (CEI), which exists despite the separation of these two regions by the Himalayas. We show that this relationship is maintained primarily by 'up-and-over' moisture transport, in which hydrometeors and moisture are lifted by convective storms over CEI and the Himalayan foothills and then swept over the SWTP by the mid-tropospheric circulation, rather than by upslope flow over the Himalayas.

Short circuit of water vapor and polluted air to the global stratosphere by convective transport over the Tibetan Plateau.

During boreal summer, much of the water vapor and CO entering the global tropical stratosphere is transported over the Asian monsoon/Tibetan Plateau (TP) region. Studies have suggested that most of this transport is carried out either by tropical convection over the South Asian monsoon region or by extratropical convection over southern China. By using measurements from the newly available National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aura Microwave Limb Sounder, along with observations from the Aqua and Tropical Rainfall-Measuring Mission satellites, we establish that the TP provides the main pathway for cross-tropopause transport in this region.