The Longitudinal Relationship between Edentulism and the Progress of Multimorbidity.

Objectives: To examine the longitudinal relationship between edentulism, nutritional intake, and the progress of multimorbidity among older Americans.

Methods: We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2018), a longitudinal survey of older Americans that has collected data biennially since 1992. Edentulism was assessed in 2006 while nutritional intake was assessed in 2013.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Plaque Quantity in the Oral Cavity.

Background: The aim of this systematic review of published literature was to answer the research question, "What is the difference in the level of plaque quantity, in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who do not chew SFG, who do not chew gum, or who use alternatives such as probiotics or fluoride varnish?".

Methods: The systematic review [registered on PROSPERO 2018 (CRD42018094676)] included studies on adults and children with chewing of SFG as the main intervention, where "sugar" referred to monosaccharides and disaccharides. Included studies were in English and corresponded to primary research published between 1946 and 2020.

Adopting the COM-B model and TDF framework in oral and dental research: A narrative review.

Background: Recent advances in the psychological understanding of health-related behaviour have focused on producing a comprehensive framework to model such behaviour. The Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) and its associated Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) allow researchers to classify psychological and behavioural constructs in a consistent and transferable manner across studies.

Aim: To identify oral and dental health-related studies that have used the TDF and/or COM-B as frameworks to guide research and examine the ways in which these concepts have been practically used in such research.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans.

Background: Preventive strategies targeting Streptococcus mutans may be effective in reducing the global burden of caries. The aim of the current systematic review of published literature was to determine the difference in level of Streptococcus mutans in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who did not chew gum, who chewed a control gum or received alternatives such as probiotics or fluoride varnish.

Methods: Systematic review (PROSPERO registration No.

Assessing the Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Personalized Mobile Phone App in Improving Adherence to Oral Hygiene Advice in Orthodontic Patients: Protocol for a Feasibility Study and a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Orthodontic treatment is a common health care intervention; treatment duration can be lengthy (2-3 years on average), and adherence to treatment advice is therefore essential for successful outcomes. It has been reported that up to 43% of patients fail to complete treatment, and there are currently no useful predictors of noncompletion. Given that the National Health Service England annual expenditure on primary-care orthodontic treatment is in excess of £200 million (US $267 million), noncompletion of treatment represents a significant inefficient use of public resources.

Cariology consensus for undergraduates at dental schools in the Caribbean region.

Aim: To obtain a consensus on the domains of cariology for undergraduates in dental schools in the Caribbean.

Materials And Methods: Dental school deans from the Dominican Republic (DR) and Puerto Rico (PR) were invited to participate. Afterwards, 24 cariology faculty members from the dental schools in the DR received a 40-h workshop on the current understanding of dental caries.

The Psychological Models of Health-related Behavior in Understanding Sugars Intake in Adults: A Review.

Free sugars intake plays a major role in dental caries formation and other general health issues such as obesity. Therefore, interventions, which assist individuals or populations in the control of their free sugars intake, are of central importance in caries prevention strategies. There is good evidence that behavioral interventions benefit from a foundation in conceptual theories of behavior change founded on empirical data.

Achieving consensus on clinical examination and record keeping in NHS dentistry: a Delphi approach.

Introduction Members of the dental profession in the UK are legally required to create and maintain patient records. In 2016, the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) published the third edition of its good practice guidelines on clinical examination and record keeping.Aim To identify a core set of items which should be recorded in three clinical situations (new patient appointment; recall appointment; emergency appointment) in primary dental care.

Factors related to reducing free sugar intake among white ethnic adults in the UK: a qualitative study.

Objective/aims: To determine the barriers and enablers to behavioural change to reduce free sugar intake related to dental caries in a sample of UK adults who identify their ethnicity as White.

Materials And Methods: Qualitative study comprising semi-structured interviews of 27 participants. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis methods.

What reward does a child prefer for behaving well at the dentist?

Background: Paediatric dentists often report using positive reinforcement to encourage their young patients to show co-operative behaviour. For effective reinforcement to take place the reward should be salient to the individual. To date, there is little research into what reward a young patient will choose when attending the dentist.

Theory based interventions for caries related sugar intake in adults: systematic review.

Background: Theories of behavior change are essential in the design of effective behaviour change strategies. No studies have assessed the effectiveness of interventions based on psychological theories to reduce sugar intake related to dental caries. The study assessed the effect of interventions based on Social Congition Models (SCMs) on sugar intake in adults, when compared with educational interventions or no intervention.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve adherence among orthodontic patients aged 12 to 18.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of interventions to enhance adherence among orthodontic patients aged 12 to 18 years. Specific adherence outcomes included were recall of information given by the orthodontic team, attendance at orthodontic appointments, self-reported oral hygiene behavior, and clinical indexes of oral hygiene.

Materials And Methods: Electronic searches of Medline via OVID (January 1, 1966 through March 1, 2012), EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of control trials from its inception through March 2012, as well as a hand search, were undertaken to identify relevant studies.

Motivation and compliance with intraoral elastics.

Introduction: Intraoral elastics are commonly used in orthodontics and require regular changing to be effective. Unfortunately, poor compliance with elastics is often encountered, especially in adolescents. Intention for an action and its implementation can be improved using "if-then" plans that spell out when, where, and how a set goal, such as elastic wear, can be put into action.

Interdisciplinary health promotion: a call for theory-based interventions drawing on the skills of multiple disciplines.

Promoting the health of populations demands the adoption of a perspective exploring the societal, political, community, family and individual determinants of health. I will argue that to develop interventions to modify health-related behaviours and health risks requires collaboration with a range of disciplines, in order to draw upon their theoretical, empirical and oftentimes political knowledge. To illustrate this thesis, I will draw upon research in three areas: improving oral health-related behaviours in individuals with periodontal disease and childhood caries; encouraging early recognition in head and neck cancer; and managing dental anxiety.

Implementation of clinical practice guidelines in dental settings.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and application of current expert recommendations on antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) to prevent infective endocarditis (IE) both in the United Kingdom and Iran.

Methods: The study used a 3-part postal questionnaire survey of dentists in the United Kingdom (n=467) and Iran (n=200) covering demographic data, antimicrobial prophylaxis prescribing habits for adults treated under local analgesia, and sources of information about recommended schedules and changes in dentists' prophylaxis regimens.

Results: Most UK dentists (87%) reported following the British National Formulary guidelines (BNF) on AP.

The impact of idealised facial images on satisfaction with facial appearance: comparing 'ideal' and 'average' faces.

Objectives: Recent work has demonstrated that female orthognathic patients display more dissatisfaction with their facial appearance after viewing idealised images of facial photographs, than do controls. Patients may request orthognathic surgery because they hope to improve their appearance to conform with ideals portrayed in the mass media, and these hopes may not be realistic. Patients who demonstrate certain personality traits are more likely to hold such hopes.

The PAS-ADD Checklist: independent replication of its psychometric properties in a community sample.

Background: The development of reliable, valid measures of psychopathology in people with intellectual disabilities is an important task. However, independent replication studies are rarely reported.

Aims: To report data on the psychometric properties of the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disabilities (PAS-ADD) Checklist.

Descriptive psychopathology in people with mental retardation.

This article considers variables associated with the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis in those referred to a specialist mental health service for people with mental retardation (MR). Data were collected on 752 newly referred clients. The presence of a psychiatric diagnosis was assessed by two psychiatrists based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, criteria.

The impact of dental appearance on the appraisal of personal characteristics.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the influence of dental appearance upon subjective ratings of personal characteristics, specifically social competence, intellectual ability, and psychologic adjustment.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional analytic interview study was conducted with 201 undergraduates. Each participant was asked to make judgments about the personal characteristics of the subject of a single color photograph.