Static respiratory mechanics are unaltered in males and females with obesity.

We tested the hypothesis that independent of the obesity-related shift in lung volume subdivisions, obesity would not reduce the interrelationships of expiratory flow, lung volume, and static lung elastic recoil pressure in males and females. Simultaneous measurements of expiratory flow, volume, and transpulmonary pressure were continuously recorded while flow-volume loops of varying expiratory efforts were performed in a pressure-corrected, volume-displacement body plethysmograph in males and females with obesity. Static compliance curves were collected using the occlusion technique.

Monthly transthoracic echocardiography in young adults for 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can elicit acute and long-term effects on the myocardium among survivors, yet effects among otherwise healthy young adults remains unclear. Young adults with mild symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (8M/8F, age: 21 ± 1 years, BMI: 23.5 ± 3.

Six-month longitudinal tracking of arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can increase arterial stiffness 3-4 wk following infection, even among young, healthy adults. However, the long-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular health and the duration of recovery remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate potential long-lasting effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on markers of arterial stiffness among young adults during the 6 mo following infection.

Repeatability of dyspnea measurements during exercise in women with obesity.

While the 0-10 Borg scale to rate perceived breathlessness (RPB) is widely used to assess dyspnea on exertion, the repeatability of RPB in women with obesity is unknown. We examined the repeatability of RPB in women with obesity during submaximal constant-load cycling following at least 10 weeks of normal daily life. Seventeen women (37 ± 7 yr; 34.

Recruitment and Retention of Healthy Women with Obesity for a Psychophysiological Study before and After Weight Loss: Insights, Challenges, and Suggestions.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present data on participant recruitment, retention, and weight loss success during a psychophysiological study in women with obesity.

Methods: Volunteers were women with obesity, 20 - 45 yr, with a BMI between 30 - 45 kg/m. The study was approximately 20 weeks in duration, including a 12-week weight loss program.

Arterial stiffness and carotid distensibility following acute formaldehyde exposure in female adults.

Formaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous organic preservative used in several industries and represents an occupational health hazard. Short-term exposure to FA can increase oxidative stress and cause a decrease in conduit vessel function. These decrements in vascular function may extend to the arterial architecture, predisposing individuals to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Altered central and peripheral haemodynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young adults with SARS-CoV-2.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Are central and peripheral haemodynamics during handgrip exercise different in young adults 3-4 weeks following infection with of SARS-CoV-2 compared with young healthy adults. What is the main finding and its importance? Exercising heart rate was higher while brachial artery blood flow and vascular conductance were lower in the SARS-CoV-2 compared with the control group. These findings provide evidence for peripheral impairments to exercise among adults with SARS-CoV-2, which may contribute to exercise limitations.

COVID-19 is getting on our nerves: sympathetic neural activity and haemodynamics in young adults recovering from SARS-CoV-2.

Key Points: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on autonomic and cardiovascular function in otherwise healthy individuals is unknown. For the first time it is shown that young adults recovering from SARS-CoV-2 have elevated resting sympathetic activity, but similar heart rate and blood pressure, compared with control subjects. Survivors of SARS-CoV-2 also exhibit similar sympathetic nerve activity and haemodynamics, but decreased pain perception, during a cold pressor test compared with healthy controls.

Dysanapsis in men and women with obesity.

Obesity alters chest wall mechanics, reduces lung volumes, and increases airway resistance. In addition, the luminal area of the larger conducting airways is smaller in women than in men when matched for lung size. We examined whether differences in pulmonary mechanics with obesity and sex were associated with the dysanapsis ratio (DR), an estimate of airway size when the expiratory flow is maximal, in men and women with and without obesity.

Carotid stiffness, intima-media thickness and aortic augmentation index among adults with SARS-CoV-2.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? We sought to investigate whether carotid stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness and the aortic augmentation index are altered in young adults 3-4 weeks after contraction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared with young healthy adults. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that carotid stiffness, Young's modulus and the aortic augmentation index were greater in young adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with healthy young adults. These findings provide additional evidence for detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 on young adult vasculature, which might have implications for cardiovascular health.

Vascular alterations among young adults with SARS-CoV-2.

While SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs, the virus may be inflicting detriments to the cardiovascular system, both directly through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and initiating systemic inflammation. Persistent systemic inflammation may be provoking vascular dysfunction, an early indication of cardiovascular disease risk. To establish the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the systemic vasculature in the arms and legs, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of young healthy adults (control: 5 M/15 F, 23.

Attentional focus does not impact locomotor-respiratory coupling in trained runners.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between attentional strategies and LRC, running economy, perceived exertion, and dyspnea.

Methods: 25 endurance-trained males ([Formula: see text]Omax = 68.2 ± 4.

A Nutritional and Environmental Analysis of Local Food Pantries Accessible to College Students in Rural North Carolina.

Introduction: Food insecurity is a growing concern among college students and is especially prevalent in rural areas. Food pantries often serve as a resource to food insecure individuals yet, their policies, standards, and nutritional quality vary due to the unpredictability of food donations.

Purpose: To examine the nutritional quality of food items and adherence of best practices at local food pantries accessible to college students near a university in rural Appalachia.

Acute modulation in dietary behavior following glycogen depletion and postexercise supplementation in trained cyclists.

We investigated the influence of immediate postexercise dietary supplementation on the subsequent food consumption pattern and endurance exercise performance in physically trained individuals. On 2 occasions, trained male cyclists performed a glycogen-depleting exercise bout followed by a 2-h nutritional supplementation period, 28 h of free-living recovery, and a subsequent 40-km cycling time trial. During the 2-h postexercise supplementation, the subjects consumed equal volumes of reduced-fat chocolate milk (CM) or a sports beverage (SB) in a single-blind, randomized design.

Acute hypercapnia does not alter voluntary drive to the diaphragm in healthy humans.

Although systemic hypercapnia is a common outcome of pulmonary disease, the relationship between hypercapnia and voluntary diaphragmatic activation (VA) is unclear. To examine whether hypercapnia independent of ventilatory work contributes to reduced central motor drive to the diaphragm in healthy humans, 14 subjects spontaneously breathed room air (NN) or a hypercapnic gas mixture (HH; 7% CO with air) while at rest. Thereafter, subjects volitionally hyperventilated room air (NH) matching the minute ventilation recorded during HH while maintained at eucapnic levels.

Verification of Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Obese and Nonobese Children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a supramaximal constant-load verification test at 105% of the highest work rate would yield a higher V˙O2max when compared with an incremental test in 10- to 12-yr-old nonobese and obese children.

Methods: Nine nonobese (body mass index percentile = 57.5 ± 23.

Aerobic exercise training without weight loss reduces dyspnea on exertion in obese women.

Dyspnea on exertion (DOE) is a common symptom in obesity. We investigated whether aerobic exercise training without weight loss could reduce DOE. Twenty-two otherwise healthy obese women participated in a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise training program, exercising 30 min/day at 70-80% heart rate reserve, 4 days/week.

Runners maintain locomotor-respiratory coupling following isocapnic voluntary hyperpnea to task failure.

Introduction: Evidence has long suggested that mammalian ventilatory and locomotor rhythms are linked, yet determinants and implications of locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC) continue to be investigated. Anecdotally, respiratory muscle fatigue seen at the end of heavy exercise may result in an uncoupling of movement-ventilation rhythms; however, there is no scientific evidence to substantiate this claim.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether or not fatigue of the respiratory muscles alters locomotor-respiratory coupling patterns typically observed in highly trained individuals while running.

Endurance exercise performance in acute hypoxia is influenced by expiratory flow limitation.

Purpose: We sought to determine if expiratory flow limitation influences intensive aerobic exercise performance in mild hypoxia.

Methods: Fourteen trained male cyclists were separated into flow-limited (FL, n = 7) and non-FL (n = 7) groups based on the extent of expiratory flow limitation exhibited during maximal exercise in normoxia. Participants performed two self-paced 5-km cycling time trials, one in normoxic (F IO2 = 0.

Operating lung volumes are affected by exercise mode but not trunk and hip angle during maximal exercise.

Introduction: Despite VO₂peak being, generally, greater while running compared to cycling, ventilation (VE) during maximal exercise is less while running compared to cycling. Differences in operating lung volumes (OLV) between maximal running and cycling could be one explanation for previously observed differences in V E and this could be due to differences in body position e.g.