Mechanism of molecular interaction of sitagliptin with human DPP enzyme - New Insights.

Purpose: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP) inactivates a range of bioactive peptides. The cleavage of insulinotropic peptides and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP) by DPP directly influences glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to describe the mode of interaction between sitagliptin (an antidiabetic drug) and human DPP using in silico approaches.

Antifungal activity of sustainable histone deacetylase inhibitors against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. and Cryptococcusneoformans.

The limited therapeutic options for fungal infections and the increased incidence of fungal strains resistant to antifungal drugs, especially Candida spp., require the development of new antifungal drugs and strategies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), like vorinostat, have been studied in cancer treatment and have antifungal effects, acting alone or synergistically with classical antifungals.

Inhibitory effect of proteinase K against dermatophyte biofilms: an alternative for increasing the antifungal effects of terbinafine and griseofulvin.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on mature biofilms of dermatophytes, by assays of metabolic activity and biomass. In addition, the proteinase K-terbinafine and proteinase K-griseofulvin interactions against these biofilms were investigated by the checkerboard assay and scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The biofilms exposed to 32 µg ml of proteinase K had lower metabolic activity and biomass, by 39% and 38%, respectively.

The herbicide paraquat alters growth and melanin production on the species complex.

Paraquat (1,10-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dichloride; PQ) is a free-radical producing herbicide that affects cell membranes and can upset the environmental balance of microorganisms present in soil, such as spp. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of PQ against spp. in planktonic and biofilm forms, as well as the protective effect of antioxidant agents against the antifungal effect of PQ and the kinetics of melanin production in response to PQ.

Azole-Resilient Biofilms and Non-wild Type C. albicans Among Candida Species Isolated from Agricultural Soils Cultivated with Azole Fungicides: an Environmental Issue?

This study aimed to identify Candida spp. from agricultural soils cultivated with azole fungicides and investigate their susceptibility to clinical (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B) and agricultural (tetraconazole and tebuconazole) antifungals in planktonic form. Additionally, Candida biofilm-forming ability and biofilm susceptibility to agricultural antifungals and voriconazole were analyzed.

Atypical chlamydoconidium-producing strains from Ceará State, Northeast Brazil: investigation of taxonomy by phylogenetic analysis and biofilm susceptibility.

Chlamydoconidium-producing strains isolated in Northeastern Brazil have morphological features different from the classic description of this dermatophyte species. This study investigated the phylogenetic relationship of chlamydoconidium-producing strains isolated in Northeastern Brazil. Also, the effect of terbinafine and farnesol on mature biofilms of strains was evaluated.

Biofilm formation on cat claws by Sporothrix species: An ex vivo model.

This work aimed to evaluate the ability of Sporothrix species to attach and form biofilm on the surface of cat claws as an ex vivo model. A total of 14 strains (5 Sporothrix brasiliensis, 3 Sporothrix schenckii s. str.

Essential oils encapsulated in chitosan microparticles against Candida albicans biofilms.

The aim of the study was to produce and characterize chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils (CMEOs), evaluate the essential oil (EO) release profile and the CMEOs' anti-Candida activity. The chitosan microparticles (CMs) loaded with lemongrass essential oil (LEO) and geranium essential oil (GEO) were produced by the spray-drying method and characterized regarding CMEO morphological and physicochemical parameters and EO encapsulation efficiency (EE) and release profile. The planktonic activity was quantified by broth microdilution, and the activity against biofilm was quantified by biomass formation measurement.

Exogenous fungal quorum sensing molecules inhibit planktonic cell growth and modulate filamentation and biofilm formation in the complex.

This study investigated the effect of the quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) farnesol, 2-phenylehtanol, tyrosol and tryptophol against planktonic cells, filamentation and biofilms of spp. The antifungal activity of QSMs was evaluated by broth microdilution. QSMs showed MICs in the ranges of 0.

Diclofenac exhibits synergism with azoles against planktonic cells and biofilms of .

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diclofenac on minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungals against planktonic cells and biofilms of . Susceptibility testing of planktonic cells was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay and checkerboard method. Biofilm formation by in the presence of diclofenac, alone or in combination with antifungals, was also evaluated, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope (CLSM) analyses were performed.

Darunavir inhibits / species complex growth and increases the susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal drugs.

species are pathogens commonly associated with cases of meningoencephalitis in individuals who are immunosuppressed due to AIDS. The aim was to evaluate the effects of the antiretroviral darunavir alone or associated with fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B against planktonic cells and biofilms of species. Susceptibility testing of darunavir and the common antifungals against 12 members of the / species complex was evaluated by broth microdilution.

inhibitory effect of statins on planktonic cells and biofilms of the species complex.

Sporotrichosis, caused by species of the complex, is the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis in many areas of Latin America. Statins are a class of drugs widely used for lowering high sterol levels through their action on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of sterol. In this study, the antifungal activity of statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin) against planktonic cells and biofilms of complex species was evaluated, as well as the interaction of pravastatin with classical antifungals (amphotericin B, itraconazole, terbinafine).

The yeast, the antifungal, and the wardrobe: a journey into antifungal resistance mechanisms of .

is a prominent non- species involved in cases of candidemia, mainly causing infections in patients in intensive care units and (or) those presenting neutropenia. In recent years, several studies have reported an increase in the recovery rates of azole-resistant isolates. Understanding resistance is of great importance, since resistant strains are implicated in persistent or recurrent and breakthrough infections.

Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex melanized by epinephrine: Increased yeast survival after amphotericin B exposure.

Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii complex species are etiological agents of cryptococcosis, a systemic mycosis that cause respiratory infection and meningoencephalitis. To establish the infection, these yeasts produce virulence factors, such as melanin, which contribute to pathogenicity and antifungal tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate melanin production by the C.

Antifungal activity of promethazine and chlorpromazine against planktonic cells and biofilms of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii complex species.

Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii are fungal pathogens that affect the central nervous system, mainly in immunocompromised individuals. Due to the limited pharmacological arsenal available for the treatment of cryptococcosis associated with cases of antifungal resistance of Cryptococcus spp. reported in some studies, the search for new compounds with antifungal potential becomes relevant.

Cefepime and Amoxicillin Increase Metabolism and Enhance Caspofungin Tolerance of Biofilms.

It is well known that prolonged antibiotic therapy alters the mucosal microbiota composition, increasing the risk of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in immunocompromised patients. The present study investigated the direct effect of β-lactam antibiotics cefepime (CEF) and amoxicillin (AMOX) on biofilm production by ATCC 10231. Antibacterials at the peak plasmatic concentration of each drug were tested against biofilms grown on polystyrene surfaces.

Potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit biofilms of Sporothrix schenckii species complex in yeast and filamentous forms.

This study aimed to evaluate the yeast biofilm growth kinetics and ultrastructure of Sporothrix schenckii complex and assess their mature biofilm susceptibility in filamentous and yeast forms to potassium iodide (KI) and miltefosine (MIL). Yeast biofilms were evaluated by crystal violet staining, XTT reduction assay and microscopic techniques. Susceptibility of planktonic and sessile cells was analyzed by broth microdilution.

Malassezia pachydermatis from animals: Planktonic and biofilm antifungal susceptibility and its virulence arsenal.

The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is a component of the microbiota of dogs and cats, however it can cause otitis and seborrheic dermatitis in these animals. The objective of this study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility, and evaluate virulence and pathogenicity of 25 M. pachydermatis strains from animals.

β-lactam antibiotics & vancomycin increase the growth & virulence of Candida spp.

Aim: To investigate the direct effect of antibiotics on growth and virulence of the major Candida species associated with invasive infections.

Materials & Methods: Cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, amoxicillin and vancomycin were tested at twofold the peak plasma concentration (2× PP) and the peak plasma concentration (PP). The effects of antibiotics on Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis were investigated by colony counting, flow cytometry, proteolytic activity and virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida parapsilosis species complex: an overview of their pathogenic potential.

Purpose: Antifungal resistance and several putative virulence factors have been associated with the pathogenicity of the Candida parapsilosis species complex. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility, the production of virulence factors and the pathogenicity of the C. parapsilosis complex.

Inhibitory effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis on planktonic and sessile cells of Trichosporon spp.

The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of a bacterial biosurfactant (TIM96) on clinical strains of Trichosporon. Additionally, the effect of TIM96 on the ergosterol content, cell membrane integrity, and the hydrophobicity of planktonic cells was assessed. The inhibitory activity of TIM96 against Trichosporon biofilms was evaluated by analyzing metabolic activity, biomass and morphology.

In vitro activity of azole derivatives and griseofulvin against planktonic and biofilm growth of clinical isolates of dermatophytes.

As shown by recent research, most of the clinically relevant fungi, including dermatophytes, form biofilms in vitro and in vivo, which may exhibit antimicrobial tolerance that favour recurrent infections. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VCZ) and griseofulvin (GRI) against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum in planktonic and biofilm growth. For the planktonic form, susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), document M38-A2, while biofilm susceptibility was evaluated using the XTT colorimetric essay.

In vitro effects of promethazine on cell morphology and structure and mitochondrial activity of azole-resistant Candida tropicalis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of promethazine on the antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations against planktonic cells and mature biofilms of Candida tropicalis, as well as investigate its potential mechanisms of cell damage against this yeast species. Three C. tropicalis isolates (two azole-resistant and one azole-susceptible) were evaluated for their planktonic and biofilm susceptibility to promethazine alone and in combination with itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin.