Coastal waters of Lake Superior are generally inhospitable to the establishment of invasive . mussels (both and ). have inhabited the Saint Louis River estuary (SLRE; largest commercial port in the Laurentian Great Lakes) for over three decades, but only in the last few years have small colonies been found in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS, an archipelago situated 85 km to the east of SLRE) A 2017 survey determined a low abundance spatial distribution in APIS, with the largest colonies on the north and west islands which suggested potential veliger transport from the SLRE longshore currents.
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