CDC-derived extracellular vesicles reprogram inflammatory macrophages to an arginase 1-dependent proangiogenic phenotype.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in tissue repair following myocardial infarction (MI). In response to injury, they exist along a spectrum of activation states tightly regulated by their microenvironment. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have been shown to mediate cardioprotection via modulation of the macrophage response.

Therapeutic Potential of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise a heterogeneous group of small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, which play a critical role in intracellular communication and regulation of numerous physiological processes in health and disease. Naturally released from virtually all cells, these vesicles contain an array of nucleic acids, lipids and proteins which they transfer to target cells within their local milieu and systemically. They have been proposed as a means of "cell-free, cell therapy" for cancer, immune disorders, and more recently cardiovascular disease.

The effect of early hyaluronic acid delivery on the development of an acute articular cartilage lesion in a sheep model.

Background: Partial-thickness articular cartilage lesions occur with knee trauma and may progress to osteoarthritis. This study evaluates the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid on cartilage healing after acute knee injury in sheep.

Hypothesis: Early administration of hyaluronic acid to an acute cartilage injury will prevent chondrocyte death and improve cartilage metabolism.