Development and Validation of Physical Activity-Specific Rumination Scale for Children Through UK Children's Voice.

Many physical activity (PA) interventions implemented to tackle the child obesity epidemic have shown limited effectiveness, possibly due to a lack of consideration of potential stress that accompanies behavior adaptation and the automatic perseverative cognition that exacerbates the stress (namely rumination). : The main aim of this paper is to develop and validate the PA-specific Rumination Scale for Children (PARSC) that assesses children's tendencies to engage in repeated negative thoughts about PA (Study 2). Items in the scale were derived from qualitative information about factors that inherently demotivates PA participation (intrinsic barriers) through the lived experience of UK children (Study 1).

A high-dose 24-hour tranexamic acid infusion for the treatment of significant gastrointestinal bleeding: HALT-IT RCT.

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in surgery and the risk of death in trauma patients. Meta-analyses of small trials suggest that tranexamic acid decreases the number of deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding, but these meta-analyses are prone to selection bias.

Objective: The trial provides reliable evidence of the effect of tranexamic acid on mortality, rebleeding and complications in significant acute gastrointestinal bleeding.

International cross-sectional survey on the use of webinars in plastic surgery: a move towards a hybrid educational model.

Background: The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has catalyzed the development of online educational resources. Webinars provide opportunities for convenient distance-learning and provision of expert lectures, while reducing the financial and practical costs of attending conferences. This cross-sectional survey aims to collect subjective opinion on the usefulness of webinars as an educational platform compared to face-to-face interactions, and whether surgeons and surgeons-in-training want webinars to remain a permanent platform for training and development in the future.

Survival of Pregnant Coronavirus Patient on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

A 27-year-old woman presented at 23 weeks' 6 days' gestation who tested positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite mechanical ventilation and paralysis, she remained hypoxic and was emergently cannulated for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). The patient ambulated while intubated and on VV-ECMO.

Characterization of skin blebs from intradermal jet injection: Ex-vivo studies.

This paper presents results from an ex-vivo study of intradermal jet injections, which is an attractive method to achieve both needle-free and fractional dose delivery of vaccines. Due to the fact that fluid properties of many novel therapeutics and vaccines can vary significantly, a key parameter for our study is the fluid viscosity, whilst the main focus is on determining the best correlation between the delivered volume and geometrical dimensions of the fluid deposit. For this we use a combination of top-view (skin wheal), underside (below the dermis), and cross-section (true skin bleb) perspectives and find that the top-view alone, as done in clinical practice, is insufficient to estimate the volume deposited in the dermis.

Selective non-operative management for penetrating extremity trauma: A paradigm shift in management?

Background: Selective non-operative management (SNOM) has been proposed as a safe and adequate strategy for penetrating extremity trauma (PET) management. This may reduce unwarranted surgical exploration and enhance cost-effectiveness. Our experience at a UK major trauma centre advocates SNOM-PET as a viable and safe strategy for selected patients.

Through the HoloLens™ looking glass: augmented reality for extremity reconstruction surgery using 3D vascular models with perforating vessels.

Precision and planning are key to reconstructive surgery. Augmented reality (AR) can bring the information within preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging to life, allowing the surgeon to 'see through' the patient's skin and appreciate the underlying anatomy without making a single incision. This work has demonstrated that AR can assist the accurate identification, dissection and execution of vascular pedunculated flaps during reconstructive surgery.

Managing missed lower extremity compartment syndrome in the physiologically stable patient: A systematic review and lessons from a Level I trauma center.

Background: Decompressing an acute lower extremity compartment syndrome salvages muscle and nerve and preserves limb function. However, reperfusion of ischemic tissue causes a systemic insult that can be life threatening. Hence, the management of missed acute lower limb compartment syndrome remains controversial.

The thermogenic responses to overfeeding and cold are differentially regulated.

Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly metabolic tissue that generates heat and is negatively associated with obesity. BAT has been proposed to mediate both cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Therefore, it was investigated whether there is a relationship between CIT and DIT in humans.

Perfusion dynamics in lower limb reconstruction: Investigating postoperative recovery and training using combined white light photospectroscopy and laser Doppler (O2C(®)).

Background: Postoperative regimes designed to acclimatise lower limb free flaps to the changing flow dynamics of standing (flap training exercises) are widely employed despite a paucity of evidence for their use. This study utilises non-invasive monitoring of perfusion parameters to investigate flap training at the microcirculatory level.

Methods: Eight prospective patients undergoing lower limb reconstruction with anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous free flaps were enrolled.

The acute effectiveness and safety of the constant-flow, pressure-volume curve to improve hypoxemia in acute lung injury.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the constant-flow, pressure-volume curve (PVC) to prescribe positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute lung injury (ALI) and risk of cardiopulmonary deterioration during the PVC process.

Design: A retrospective, cohort study.

Setting: A surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary, university hospital.

A prospective, observational clinical trial of fever reduction to reduce systemic oxygen consumption in the setting of acute brain injury.

Introduction: Fever after acute brain injury appears to be a detrimental factor, associated with impaired neurological outcomes. This study assessed physiological changes in systemic oxygen consumption (VO2) during cutaneous cooling after severe brain injury.

Methods: This prospective, observational, clinical study evaluated ten, critically ill, brain-injured patients requiring mechanical ventilation with a core body temperature of greater or equal to 38 degrees C.