Evaluation of GI bleeding after implantation of left ventricular assist device.

Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have revolutionized the management of end-stage heart failure (ESHF). However, unexpectedly high rates of GI bleeding (GIB) have been described, and etiology and outcome remain unclear.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, etiology, and outcome of GIB in LVAD recipients.