A multi-centric, single-blinded, randomized, parallel-group study to evaluate the effectiveness of nasoalveolar moulding treatment in non-syndromic patients with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (NAMUC study): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are among the most common congenital anomaly that affects up to 33,000 newborns in India every year. Nasoalveolar moulding (NAM) is a non-surgical treatment performed between 0 and 6 months of age to reduce the cleft and improve nasal aesthetics prior to lip surgery. The NAM treatment has been a controversial treatment option with 51% of the cleft teams in Europe, 37% of teams in the USA and 25 of cleft teams in India adopting this methodology.

Tooth loss as a result of a bonded retainer: a case report.

To reduce the risk of unwanted post-treatment changes following orthodontic treatment, use of bonded retainers is gaining popularity. Despite their efficacy and popularity with patients, it has been widely reported that there are significant risks with bonded retainers if they are not maintained and monitored. This case report demonstrates how unwanted tooth movement caused by a bonded retainer can lead to catastrophic failure and ultimately, tooth loss.

Does observational study on the effectiveness of the Twin Blocks overestimate or underestimate the results? A comparative analysis of retrospective samples versus randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems. The Twin Block appliance has proven to be the most popular appliance for the correction of these malocclusions. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the Twin Block appliance have reported the changes to be mainly dentoalveolar, several nonrandomized studies have reported a significant skeletal improvement in these patients.

Dens invaginatus: a review and orthodontic implications.

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly resulting in a deepening or invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla prior to calcification of the dental tissues. Presence of DI is considered to increase the risk of caries and pulpal pathology, but they are often missed in the initial orthodontic assessment as they present with no clinical signs of an anomaly. In absence of adequate oral hygiene and maintenance, bacterial contamination of these malformations can lead to the development of early caries and consequent pulpal death.

Sensory Processing in People With and Without Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Local, Regional, and Remote Sites in Upper- and Lower-Limb Conditions.

Objective: To synthesize results of somatosensory processing tests in people with upper- and lower-limb tendinopathy, compared to controls.

Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Literature Search: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, SPORTDiscus, and Embase) were searched.

The best choice of equipment to obtain high quality standardised results in intra-oral photography - a comparison between the common practice in the UK and the gold standard set by the literature.

Since digital technology made dental photography widely available, photographers have been trying to establish the 'gold standard' when obtaining intra-oral photographs. A basic knowledge of photographic principles, familiarity with particular dental techniques and a correct choice and use of equipment contribute significantly both to the standardisation and quality of photographs. A recent survey between members of the Institute of Medical Illustrators shed a light on the current practice in the UK.

Extraction of maxillary canines: Esthetic perceptions of patient smiles among dental professionals and laypeople.

Introduction: Maxillary canines are generally considered important both cosmetically and functionally. Most claims on the importance of maxillary canines, however, have been based on expert opinions and clinician-based studies. There are no scientific studies in the literature reporting on their cosmetic importance or how laypeople perceive a smile treated by maxillary canine extractions.

How accurate are TheraMon® microsensors at measuring intraoral wear-time? Recorded vs. actual wear times in five volunteers.

Background: The TheraMon® microsensor is the most recent device developed to measure the wear-time of removable appliances. The accuracy has not been validated intraorally.

Objectives: To determine 1) if the TheraMon® microsensor accurately records time when fixed intraorally, and 2) the effect of the intraoral location on the recorded time.

How do patients perceive the British orthodontic society online information resource about orthognathic treatment? A qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore the accessibility, usability and relevance of the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) online information resource (OIR), Your Jaw Surgery.

Design: Qualitative, cross-sectional study.

Setting: 5 UK sites.

A retrospective study comparing the loss of anchorage following the extraction of maxillary first or second premolars during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in adolescent patients.

Introduction: This retrospective study assessed the difference in anchorage loss using 3D superimposition of study models between cases treated with extraction of maxillary first premolars and maxillary second premolars carried out in orthodontic specialist practice.

Method: Sixty subjects who have undergone extractions of either maxillary first or second premolars as part of their orthodontic treatment were selected. Eligibility criteria included patients with a Class I, mild Class II or III malocclusions, mild-to-moderate crowding with no anchorage reinforcement.

Emotionally triggered asthma and its relationship to panic disorder, ataques de nervios, and asthma-related death of a loved one in Latino adults.

Objective: Research has demonstrated high comorbidity between asthma and panic disorder (PD). Less is known about the relationship between asthma and the Latino cultural idiom of distress of ataques de nervios, as well as the role that psychosocial stressors play. The current study tested the hypotheses that Latino asthma patients who experience PD, ataques de nervios, and/or asthma-related death of a loved one endorse greater psychological triggers of asthma, greater perceived impact of asthma triggers, and greater difficulty controlling such triggers than do those without these conditions.

Emergencies in Orthodontics. Part 2: Management of Removable Appliances, Functional Appliances and other Adjuncts to Orthodontic Treatment.

In the second of two papers, management of orthodontic emergencies involving appliances other than Fixed appliances will be detailed. Problems relating to removable appliances, as well as other orthodontic adjuncts, will be discussed. Unfortunately, orthodontic appliance breakage does occur, despite the clinicians giving clear and concise instructions to the patients and their parents at fitting.

Emergencies in orthodontics. Part 1: Management of general orthodontic problems as well as common problems with fixed appliances.

Fixed appliance treatment is a popular treatment modality with a burgeoning increase in the numbers of children and adults realizing the benefits that can be gained. Appliance breakage is an unavoidable nuisance which is at best inconvenient, and at worst may result in significant pain or discomfort for the patient. General dental practitioners (GDPs) should have the practical knowledge of how to provide timely and appropriate orthodontic 'emergency treatment'.

Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods.

Background: The term anchorage in orthodontic treatment refers to methods of controlling unwanted tooth movement. This is provided either by anchor sites within the mouth, such as the teeth and the palate, or from outside the mouth (headgear). Recently, new methods of providing anchorage have been developed using orthodontic implants which are surgically inserted into the bone in the mouth.

Effectiveness of 3 methods of anchorage reinforcement for maximum anchorage in adolescents: A 3-arm multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: The objective of this 3-arm parallel randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of temporary anchorage devices (TADs), Nance button palatal arches, and headgear for anchorage supplementation in the treatment of patients with malocclusions that required maximum anchorage. This trial was conducted between August 2008 and February 2013 in 2 orthodontic departments in the United Kingdom.

Methods: The study included 78 patients (ages, 12-18 years; mean age, 14.

TADs: an evolutionary road to success.

Unlabelled: This is a literature search about the clinical use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) as a means of providing effective orthodontic anchorage. It takes the reader through a journey from the initial description of the technique to the enormous popularity TADs are currently experiencing in clinical practice. This paper aims to present good quality clinical information to allow the clinician and the patient to make an informed decision.

Does the bracket-ligature combination affect the amount of orthodontic space closure over three months? A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate the effect of bracket-ligature combination on the amount of orthodontic space closure over three months.

Design: Randomized clinical trial with three parallel groups.

Setting: A hospital orthodontic department (Chesterfield Royal Hospital, UK).

Clinical photographs: the gold standard, an update.

Objective: This survey is an update of a survey that was originally carried out in 1999 and published in 2001. Over the last 10 years the prevalence of digital photography in orthodontics has increased beyond measure and the study was to document any effects of this change.

Materials And Methods: The opinions of 69 orthodontists from many European countries, as to what would be considered good practice with regards to intra and extra-oral photography with modern digital camera equipment, were sought.