Publications by authors named "Jonathan Samuelson"

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) can be treated with cisplatin-based therapy. However, a clinically significant number of cisplatin-resistant patients die from progressive disease as no effective alternatives exist. Curative cisplatin therapy results in acute and life-long toxicities in the young TGCT patient population providing a rationale to decrease cisplatin exposure.

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Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) can be treated with cisplatin-based therapy. However, a clinically significant number of cisplatin-resistant patients die from progressive disease as no effective alternatives exist. Curative cisplatin therapy results in acute and life-long toxicities in the young TGCT patient population providing a rationale to decrease cisplatin exposure.

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Objective: To describe the presentation, management, and postmortem examination findings in a dog with confirmed lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) toxicosis.

Case Summary: A 3-year-old female neutered mixed breed dog initially presented with neurological signs suspected to be secondary to LDX toxicosis. The dog was treated as typical for amphetamine toxicoses but developed severe respiratory and cardiovascular signs throughout their hospitalization.

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Article Synopsis
  • Between September and November 2021, six big cats (5 snow leopards and 1 lion) were found to be naturally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to severe respiratory disease and death.
  • All cases sequenced showed the delta variant, which was predominant in humans at that time, with clinical signs appearing 3 to 45 days before death.
  • The study revealed significant respiratory damage in these cats and indicated that certain variants like delta might pose a greater risk, particularly to snow leopards compared to other felids.
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Purpose: Cytokine therapies such as IL2 and IL12 suffer from impractically small therapeutic windows driven by their on-target, off-tumor activity, limiting their clinical potential despite potent antitumor effects. We previously engineered cytokines that bind and anchor to tumor collagen following intratumoral injection, and sought to test their safety and biomarker activity in spontaneous canine soft-tissue sarcomas (STS).

Experimental Design: Collagen-binding cytokines were canine-ized to minimize immunogenicity and were used in a rapid dose-escalation study in healthy beagles to identify a maximum tolerated dose.

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  • The study examines the expression of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in male dogs with invasive urothelial carcinoma (iUC) and prostate carcinoma (PCA) to see if it can help differentiate between the two types of cancers for better treatment strategies.
  • Results showed that there were no significant differences in PSMA expression between iUC and PCA cell lines or patient samples, indicating PSMA cannot be used to differentiate the two types of cancer.
  • However, vinblastine demonstrated the greatest cytotoxic activity against both cancer types, suggesting it could be a promising chemotherapy option regardless of the cancer's origin.
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Purpose: To investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and early effects of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using sorafenib and doxorubicin on tumor necrosis, hypoxia markers, and angiogenesis in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.

Materials And Methods: VX2 tumor-laden New Zealand White rabbits (N = 16) were divided into 2 groups: 1 group was treated with hepatic arterial administration of ethiodized oil and doxorubicin emulsion (DOX-TACE), and the other group was treated with ethiodized oil, sorafenib, and doxorubicin emulsion (SORA-DOX-TACE). Animals were killed within 3 days of the procedure.

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In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

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• Myxomas are rare tumors in dogs, in contrast to humans. • Myxomas may cause left ventricular outflow tract obstructions. • Primary cardiac tumors should be considered even in young dogs.

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Sensing films based on polymer-plasticizer coatings have been developed to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere at low concentrations (ppm) using quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs). Of particular interest in this work are the VOCs benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene which, along with xylene, are collectively referred to as BTEX. The combinations of four glassy polymers with five plasticizers were studied as prospective sensor films for this application, with PEMA-DINCH (5%) and PEMA-DIOA (5%) demonstrating optimal performance.

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Article Synopsis
  • Two aborted Chester White pig fetuses were examined at a veterinary lab, showing no obvious physical abnormalities but revealing some internal issues upon further analysis.
  • Tissue analysis indicated necrotic cell damage in the placenta, inflammation in the lungs, and identified acid-fast bacilli in both organs.
  • The culture from the stomach contents revealed a quickly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), an opportunistic pathogen typically introduced through skin wounds, but reported for the first time as a cause of abortion in pigs.
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The invasive, locally aggressive nature of feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) poses a unique challenge for surgeons to obtain complete margins with surgical excision. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technology that uses light waves to generate real-time views of tissue architecture, provides an emerging solution to this dilemma by allowing fast, high-resolution scanning of surgical margins. The purpose of this study was to use OCT to assess surgical margins of FISS and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of OCT for detecting residual cancer using six evaluators of varying experience.

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Developing effective therapies for the treatment of advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a major challenge, and there is a limited landscape of effective targeted therapies on the horizon. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a 2-electron reductase that is overexpressed in HNSCC and presents as a promising target for the treatment of HNSCC. Current NQO1-targeted drugs are hindered by their poor oxidative tolerability in human patients, underscoring a need for better preclinical screening for oxidative toxicities for NQO1-bioactivated small molecules.

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Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a multi-host morbillivirus that infects virtually all and a few non-human primates. Here we describe a CDV outbreak in an exotic felid rescue center that led to the death of eight felids in the genus . Similar to domestic dogs and in contrast to previously described CDV cases in , severe pneumonia was the primary lesion and no viral antigens or CDV-like lesions were detected in the central nervous system.

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The purpose of this study was to compare intra-tumoral drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and treatment response after doxorubicin (DOX) conventional (c-) versus drug-eluting embolic (DEE-) transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Twenty-four rabbits with solitary liver tumors underwent c-TACE (n = 12) (1:2 water-in-oil emulsion, 0.6 mL volume, 2 mg DOX) or DEE-TACE (n = 12) (130,000 70-150 µm 2 mg DOX-loaded microspheres).

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Histopathologic surgical margin assessment in veterinary patients is an imprecise science with assessment limited to a small proportion of the surgical margin due to time and finances. Incomplete excision of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) alters treatment recommendations and prognosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging modality that has been reported in a single veterinary study for surgical margin assessment.

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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess surgical margins of canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and determine the influence of observer specialty and training.

Study Design: Blinded clinical prospective study.

Animals: Twenty-five dogs undergoing surgical excision of STS.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses near-infrared light waves to generate real-time, high-resolution images on the microscopic scale similar to low power histopathology. Previous studies have demonstrated the use of OCT for real-time surgical margin assessment for human breast cancer. The use of OCT for canine mammary tumours (CMT) could allow intra-operative visualisation of residual tumour at the surgical margins.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging modality that has been investigated for real-time surgical margin evaluation in human breast cancer patients. Previous veterinary OCT studies have been limited to surgical margin imaging for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) tumours. To the authors knowledge, OCT has never been used to characterize or evaluate other types of neoplasia in dogs.

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We detected bovine kobuvirus (BKV) in calves with diarrhea in the United States. The strain identified is related genetically to BKVs detected in other countries. Histopathologic findings also confirmed viral infection in 2 BKV cases.

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Objective: To document the appearance of artifacts created by commonly encountered surgical conditions and instrumentation on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to compare these findings with histopathology.

Study Design: Ex vivo study.

Animals: Five canine cadavers.

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Background: Canine hemangiosarcoma (cHSA) is a highly metastatic mesenchymal cancer that disseminates by hematogenous and direct implantation routes. Therapies for cHSA are generally ineffective, in part due to advanced clinical disease stage at the time of diagnosis. The validation of conventional molecular methods for detecting novel biomarkers preferentially expressed by cHSA could lead to more timely diagnosis, earlier therapeutic interventions, and improved outcomes.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapid non-invasive imaging technique that has shown high sensitivity for intra-operative surgical margin assessment in human breast cancer clinical trials. This promising technology has not been evaluated in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to correlate normal and abnormal histological features with OCT images for surgical margins from excised canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and to establish image evaluation criteria for identifying positive surgical margins.

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A 22-y-old Quarter Horse gelding was presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of increased heart rate and mild colic signs. Rectal examination revealed a large left perirenal mass. Abdominal ultrasonography further confirmed this finding.

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