Photodissociation of permanganate (MnO) produces the manganese dioxide anion (MnO) in an excited triplet state.

Photoelectron imaging, electron action spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations are used to probe the structure and dynamics of MnO. Following excitation to the first bright absorption band of MnO (1T), photodetachment, ground state electron loss, and photodissociation, to produce MnO, are both observed to occur simultaneously. MnO is produced in an excited electronic state, identified as a triplet state, which indicates that the dissociation proceeds on singlet potential energy surfaces spin conservation.

Withdrawal from Chronic Nicotine Exposure Produces Region-Specific Tolerance to Alcohol-Stimulated GluA1 Phosphorylation.

Background: Nicotine use increases alcohol drinking, suggesting that the combination of these drugs may produce synergistic effects in activating reward circuitry. Alternatively, use of either of these drugs may facilitate the development of cross-tolerance to the other to promote intake escalation.

Methods: In this study, adult male Wistar rats were chronically exposed to room air or chronic, intermittent nicotine vapor, which has been shown to produce symptoms of nicotine dependence as evidenced by elevated nicotine self-administration and a host of somatic and motivational withdrawal symptoms.