Primary extradural epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the cervical spine: case report and literature review.

Objective And Importance: No case of primary epithelioid leiomyosarcoma involving the spine has been reported previously.

Clinical Presentation: A 61-year-old Nigerian woman presented with progressive spastic quadriparesis and acute urinary retention. Her only medical history included a total abdominal hysterectomy for fibroids 10 years earlier in Nigeria.

Transcranial surgery for pituitary tumors performed by Sir Victor Horsley.

Objective: To describe the clinical details and the operative method used in pituitary tumors by Sir Victor Horsley (1857-1916), which represent the earliest attempts at pituitary surgery.

Methods: Horsley's case books and postmortem records, archived at the National Hospital, Queen Square, London, were studied for patients with a primary diagnosis of a pituitary tumor admitted during the period 1886 to 1916 who were treated surgically. Contemporary records of nonpituitary cases were also examined to study aspects of Horsley's operative method.

Papillary glioneuronal tumour in a 4-year-old.

The recently described 'papillary glioneuronal tumour' is not currently included in the WHO classification of tumours of the CNS. We present the youngest recorded case to date, and only the 3rd documented in the paediatric population. The incorporation of this neoplasm into the WHO classification would facilitate its wider recognition, providing an opportunity to elucidate its natural history and determine an evidence-based approach to treatment.