Tumor seeding across specialties: a systematic review.

Background: Understanding shared characteristics underlying reported tumor seeding episodes can reveal when tumor seeding is most likely to occur and guide clinical decision making. Our goal was to systematically review tumor seeding across specialties and determine what types of instrumentation and primary tumor histology are associated with tumor seeding.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science, per PRISMA guidelines.

Reconstruction of Composite Mandible Defects Using a Cellular Bone Allograft and Soft Tissue Free Flap Coverage.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Objective: Cellular bone allografts (CBAs) contain the components of a successful bone graft with no autologous component and have been used extensively outside the head and neck. Descriptions of their utilization for mandible reconstruction are limited.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula as a Complication of Prolonged Ventilation in COVID-19: Description of Reconstruction and Review of the Literature.

Infection with COVID-19 pneumonia may necessitate intubation and mechanical ventilation. Viral inflammation and pressure necrosis may lead to scarring, stenosis, and in severe cases, fistula formation. Nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) represent a surgical challenge and may necessitate locoregional tissue transfer and tracheal resection to prevent recurrence and maintain airway patency.

Video-Based Tracheostomy Care Education for Medical Students.

Objective: Tracheostomy is a common procedure that requires management by a multidisciplinary team of health care providers across a range of surgical and nonsurgical specialties. Nonsurgical health care providers have demonstrated a lack of knowledge and confidence in tracheostomy care, which improve with tracheostomy education programs. However, tracheostomy care is rarely included in preresidency medical education.

Association of Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Adverse Events After Surgery in Treatment-Naive Patients.

Importance: Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death 1, is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The potential neoadjuvant role of programmed cell death 1 inhibitors in primary surgical management of HNSCC and effects on surgical outcomes are poorly understood.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative adverse events in treatment-naive patients with advanced oral cavity cancer receiving neoadjuvant pembrolizumab when compared with matched controls, as part of a window-of-opportunity multi-institutional clinical trial assessing neoadjuvant pembrolizumab for locally advanced HNSCC.

Primary cervical ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular subtype.

Primary cervical ganglioneuroblastoma is rare and reports of its subtypes are limited. This case series describes two pediatric patients with the nodular subtype of primary cervical ganglioneuroblastoma with lymphatic spread. Clinical course, diagnosis, and management of this rare tumor are discussed with emphasis on the importance of including neuroblastic tumors in the differential diagnosis of pediatric neck masses.

Maternity and paternity leave in otolaryngology residency training in the United States.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study evaluates the existence and nature of maternity and paternity leave policies for residents during otolaryngology training. The study sought to survey program directors (PDs) on the impact of parental leave.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Can Predictive Modeling Identify Head and Neck Oncology Patients at Risk for Readmission?

Objective Unplanned readmission within 30 days is a contributor to health care costs in the United States. The use of predictive modeling during hospitalization to identify patients at risk for readmission offers a novel approach to quality improvement and cost reduction. Study Design Two-phase study including retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data followed by prospective longitudinal study.

Acute sialadenitis associated with 2017-2018 influenza A infection: A case series.

The influenza A virus has accounted for the majority of influenza infections in the 2017 to 2018 flu season, with the typical clinical presentation including fever, myalgias, malaise, and nonproductive cough. Notably this season, we have recognized a cluster of influenza A cases presenting as severe neck and facial swelling, with the subsequent diagnosis of sialadenitis. Whereas previous authors have demonstrated isolated case reports of sialadenitis associated with influenza A infection, herein we describe the clinical history, laboratory values, and radiographic findings of four patients presenting to our institution in January 2018 with acute sialadenitis and influenza A infection.

Validation of American Thyroid Association Ultrasound Risk Assessment of Thyroid Nodules Selected for Ultrasound Fine-Needle Aspiration.

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the American Thyroid Association (ATA) sonographic risk assessment of thyroid nodules.

Methods: The ATA sonographic risk assessment was prospectively applied to 206 thyroid nodules selected for ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA), and analyzed with The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), as well as surgical pathology for the subset undergoing surgical excision.

Results: The analysis included 206 thyroid nodules averaging 2.

Thyroid Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Results: Observed Increase in Indeterminate Rate over the Past Decade.

Objectives To evaluate changes in distribution of reported thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytopathology results since implementation of the Bethesda classification and revised 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines for selecting nodules for biopsy. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary academic medical center.